Improved Plumbing Appliances | by J. Pickering Putnam
Until very lately the tendency in plumbing has been to-ward great and unnecessary complication and costliness and the result is a tendency on the part of the public to "do away with set plumbing" as far as possible. They despair of understanding the elaborate piping and fixtures, and the fear of sewer gas, added to the certainty of heavy expense, has had the effect of rendering set plumbing unpopular. A favorable reaction has, however, now set in, and the leading Sanitary Engineers and Plumbers urge greater simplicity in work, and better and more scientific fixtures...
| Title | Improved Plumbing Appliances |
| Author | J. Pickering Putnam |
| Publisher | William T. Comstock |
| Year | 1887 |
| Copyright | 1887, J. Pickering Putnam |
| Amazon | Improved Plumbing Appliances |
By J. Pickering Putnam, Architect.
With Ninety-four Illustrations.
Preface- Until very lately the tendency in plumbing has been to-ward great and unnecessary complication and costliness and the result is a tendency on the part of the public to do away with set plumbing as f...
- Chapter I. General Principles
- VERY great advances in Sanitary Plumbing have been made within the last few years. (a) In the endeavor to attain a practical realization of the leading principle of sanitary drainage, that waste matte...
- Chapter II. Cess-Pools. Cess-Pools In Lavatories
- BEGINNING with lavatories, the principle of rapid removal requires us to reject all those kinds which have unscoured recesses or filth retainers as a necessary part of their construction, and all thos...
- Cess-Pools In Water-Closets
- Fig. 7 shows the champion of the odor generators, the well-known pan closet. After what has been said about sediment-chambers in connection with lavatories, further remarks on the evils of the contain...
- Cess-Pools In Traps
- We have already referred to the most notorious illustrations of the cess-pool order of traps; namely, the old D and the common pot or round trap, as it is sometimes called. Other cess-pool or rese...
- Cess-Pools In Waste-Pipes
- One of the commonest faults in plumbing is the use of drain-pipes of too large a calibre. Five, six and even eight inch pipes are used where a diameter of four inches would be ample. If a line of a do...
- Chapter III. Thorough Ventilation
- UNDER this requirement the soil-pipes and main stacks of waste-pipes should be thoroughly ventilated from end to end by giving them direct communication with the outer air, both above and below, in su...
- Thorough Ventilation. Part 2
- So far, the air passed through the pipes was pure air from the room, and in this respect the conditions differed from those met with in practice in which soil-pipe air is used for branch waste ventila...
- Thorough Ventilation. Part 3
- III. - Removal of solid deposits through water flushing. In order to obtain a direct comparison of the value of a thorough water and of a thorough air flushing, the same pipes tested as already descr...
- Objections To Special Trap Venting
- It has of late been clearly shown that the special vent pipe leads to a gradual destruction of the seal of traps through evaporation. Evidently, it either causes a current of air to circulate through...
- Chapter IV. Flushing
- UNDER the heading Thorough Flushing, we must reject all plumbing fixtures and their traps whose outlets are smaller in their clear water-way than their waste-pipes. Under this head will fall nearly ...
- Accessibility And Visibility
- All plumbing fixtures having hidden overflow, supply or waste passages should be avoided, because a leak or defect in them may escape detection until serious injury is done, and because after the defe...
- Good Material And Construction
- The construction of all lavatories which have lead overflow-pipes connected with the earthenware by means of putty is evidently very faulty. Those which, like the waste-cock outlet basin of Fig. 3, ar...
- Chapter V. Simplicity And Economy
- IT might seem superfluous to argue that the greater the simplicity and economy of our plumbing, consistent with security, convenience and effectiveness, the better. But we find even those who are gene...
- Simplicity And Economy. Continued
- The writer has found by experience that this form of urinal never becomes foul, nor is its use as a water-closet attended, with the least inconvenience. The bowl, containing a large body of standing w...
- Chapter VI. Plumbing Laws
- NOW that the good custom of enacting City Plumbing Regulations is rapidly spreading throughout the country, it is, of course, important that those who make these laws should be thoroughly familiar wit...
- Chapter VII. Traps
- HAVING explained the principles which should govern the construction of plumbing appliances and shown how widely they have been disregarded in practice, it remains now to point out the comparatively f...
- Development Of An Anti-Siphon Self-Cleansing Trap
- To produce an anti-siphon trap, which shall possess all the necessary qualities above pointed out, let us begin with the simplest form of partially anti-siphon trap known at the time of the original p...
- Development Of An Anti-Siphon Self-Cleansing Trap. Part 2
- A very great incidental advantage of the present form of the trap is that the seal is not so deep. Hence, the flow of water through it is facilitated and its consequent scouring effect is improved. H...
- Development Of An Anti-Siphon Self-Cleansing Trap. Part 3
- These tests were, as has heretofore been explained,originally so incorrectly reported that the public obtained exactly the opposite impression. In our chapter on Plumbing Laws, we made the criticis...
- Development Of An Anti-Siphon Self-Cleansing Trap. Part 4
- To resist this pressure it is only necessary to have a sufficient body of water in the trap, and to set the trap at a distance below the fixture it serves sufficient for this water to form in the pipe...
- Chapter VIII. Lavatories
- EVERY lavatory should be constructed on the principle of a flush tank. Not alone this, but it should also be so constructed as to ENCOURAGE its actual use as a flush tank; or, in other words, so as t...
- Lavatories. Part 2
- It is, nevertheless, still in many respects imperfect, and further modifications are necessary. Although the stand-pipe is far easier to keep clean and bright than the discarded chain, still the meta...
- Lavatories. Part 3
- Fig. 48. - Perspective View of Lifting Mechanism. It will be observed that the crank-pin is arranged to be directly above or below the centre of rotation of the disk, that is, at its upper and lower ...
- Lavatories. Part 4
- The only objectionable features, beyond the very high cost, are the great weight and coldness to the touch. The temperature of hot water drawn into an earthenware tub is considerably lowered by the ma...
- Pantry Sinks
- The best material for these is tinned and planished copper, weighing from sixteen to twenty ounces to the square foot. Iron and earthenware sinks are made, but they are objectionable on account of the...
- Chapter IX. Kitchen Sinks And Grease-Traps
- OF all plumbing fixtures none is more dependent upon a proper form of discharge than the kitchen sink. Nowhere is the application of the principle of the flush tank more needed than here, because in n...
- Grease-Traps
- Where possible these should be placed outside of the house and as near to the sink as may be; and, vice versa, the sink should be placed on the wall of the kitchen nearest to the grease-trap. It is us...
- Wash-Trays
- Fig. 67. - White Earthenware Wash-trays. Wash-trays are made of white earthenware, iron (plain, galvanized or enameled), soapstone, slate, cement or wood. Fig. 67 represents a set of three white e...
- Chapter X. Water-Closets
- THE requisites for water-closets are: (1) simplicity ; (2) quickness and thoroughness of flushing; (3) freedom from all unscoured parts; (4) economy in construction and water consumption; (5) compactn...
- The Wash-Out Closet
- The side outlet, or so-called wash-out type of closets, has a shallow body of water in the bowl flushed by a strong stream of water, which is intended to drive the waste matters out into a shallow tr...
- The Dececo Closet
- A water-closet has been invented by Col. Waring which has many excellent points, entitling it to favorable notice among improved plumbing appliances. This closet is represented in Fig. 70. The waste m...
- The "Sanitas" Closet
- In the effort to obtain a water-closet which should fulfill all of the above-mentioned requirements, the writer has made use of a principle of hydraulics new in the practice of plumbing, namely, that ...
- The "Sanitas" Closet. Continued
- Fig. 75. - Plan of Closet. A stream of water may be rendered noiseless, however rapid and powerful its movement, by properly directing it into a body of water larger than itself, provided the point...
- Chapter XI. Simplicity Versus Complication
- IN the fifth chapter of this series, writing of the tendency which now prevails to over-complicate plumbing work, we drew illustrations from the well-known and handsome New York residences of Corneliu...
- Chapter XII. Piping And General Arrangement Of Plumbing Work
- THE discovery, success, and recent construction of machinery for the extensive introduction of the Bower-Barff process for protecting iron from rust seems to have removed the only serious objection to...
- General Arrangement Of Plumbing Fixtures, In View Of Their Effect Upon Each Other
- In a report* to the Medical Director in charge of the Museum of Hygiene, at Washington, on trap siphonage, by a private experimenter, just published, we find special trap venting advocated on the grou...
- Second Edition Of Hints On The Drainage & Sewerage Of Dwellings
- By WM. PAUL GERHARD, Civil Engineer. Consulting Engineer For Sanitary Works. One 12mo volume, cloth, 302 pages, with 282 illustrations, Price, $2.50 SOIL, WASTE AND AIR-PIPE SYSTEM OF A COUNTRY D...
- An Improved Leveling Instrument
- Adapted to the use of Architects, Engineers, Masons, Builders, Farmers and others. THE sighting tube AA / is 14 in. long and has at the end A/ a pin hole looking through the tube, and at the other ...
- Books
- Architectural Studies VOL. I. One Large Quarto Vol., Cloth, Price, $5.00. Containing 60 large Lithographic Plates, treating on the following Subjects: Part I. LOW-COST HOUSES, including prize de...
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