This section is from the book "Food Ingestion And Energy Transformations", by Francis G. Benedict, Thorne M. Carpenter. See also: Food Combining and Digestion: Easy to Follow Techniques to Increase Stomach Power and Maximize Digestion.
Two pillows and wooden head-rest. Very quiet during first five basal periods, at times showing tendency to go to sleep; fell asleep once and slept between periods. Quiet in last two basal periods. Left room for urinating before taking sucrose. In last food period found it difficult to breathe; several very deep respirations. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7h50m a. m. to lh45m p. m., 0.49 gram; lh45m p. m. to 3h20m p. m., 0.41 gram.
High-carbohydrate diet day preceding. Slept most of first basal period and also throughout second and third basal periods; sound asleep in third food period and slept during fifth food period. Awake most of sixth food period, but slept again part of seventh food period. Apparatus tested in intermission of one and one-half hours between seventh and eighth food periods. Some nausea at this time. Defecated at 3h37m p. m. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7 a. m. to 3h37m p. m., 0.31 gram; 3h37m p. m. to 5h49m p. m., 0.24 gram.
First and second basal periods very quiet; very sleepy in third basal period and after several efforts to keep him awake was allowed to sleep. Slight movement in sixth period; asleep most of eighth period and very quiet. In food periods, very quiet, coughing once in fourth food period. Nitrogen in urine per hour 6h45m a. m. to 3h05m p. m., 0.18 gram; 3h05m p. m. to 5h50m p. m., 0.20 gram.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 408 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Ventilation (reduced). | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | liters. | c.c. | C.C. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods . | 4.29 | 12 | 153 | 0.72 | 213 | 66 | 1.00 |
With food:1 | |||||||
9h22ma.m...... | 5.17 | 11 | 209 | .87 | 239 | 73 | 1.17 |
9 45 a.m...... | 6.73 | 15 | 242 | 1.05 | 230 | 79 | 1.16 |
10 14 a.m...... | 6.86 | 15 | 238 | .98 | 243 | 76 | 1.22 |
11 05 a.m.... | 6.85 | 15 | 229 | .93 | 245 | 80 | 1.22 |
11 34 a.m...... | 5.76 | 14 | 201 | .84 | 239 | 85 | 1.16 |
12 41 p.m...... | 4.62 | 12 | 173 | .76 | 228 | 80 | 1.08 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 400 c.c. of water at 9h42m a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, juice of half lemon; energy, 402 cals.; from carbohy drates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 9 | 189 | 0.78 | 243 | 60 | 1.16 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h47ma.m...... | 14 | 235 | .93 | 254 | 58 | 1.26 |
10 47 a.m...... | 12 | 280 | 1.00 | 280 | 64 | 1.41 |
11 30 a.m...... | 14 | 272 | .98 | 278 | 64 | 1.40 |
12 15 p.m...... | 14 | 219 | .93 | 236 | 61 | 1.17 |
1 17 p.m...... | 10 | 204 | .87 | 234 | 56 | 1.14 |
2 07 p.m...... | 9 | 207 | .83 | 248 | 55 | 1.20 |
3 03 p.m...... | 8 | 196 | .76 | 259 | 55 | 1.23 |
1Subject drank solution (325 c.c.) at 9h56m a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, juice of half lemon; energy, 402 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | C.C. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 16 | 178 | 0.86 | 207 | 61 | 1.01 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h29ma.m...... | 17 | 227 | .95 | 238 | 65 | 1.19 |
11 19 a.m...... | 19 | 254 | .97 | 263 | 71 | 1.32 |
11 54 a.m..... | 15 | 223 | 70 | 1.17 | ||
12 33 p.m...... | 16 | 197 | .93 | 212 | 68 | 1.05 |
1 14 p.m...... | 18 | 181 | .83 | 218 | 67 | 1.05 |
1 50 p.m...... | 17 | 178 | .82 | 216 | 65 | 1.04 |
1Subject drank solution (325 c.c.) at 10h43m a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, juice of half lemon; energy, 402 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon ' dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 14 | 171 | 0.86 | 200 | 56 | 0.98 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h35ma.m...... | 14 | 238 | .98 | 244 | 59 | 1.23 |
11 01 a.m...... | 13 | 214 | .90 | 237 | 62 | 1.17 |
11 35 a.m...... | 14 | 217 | .96 | 226 | 64 | 1.13 |
12 22 p.m...... | 14 | 225 | .99 | 228 | 64 | 1.15 |
12 59 p.m...... | 13 | 186 | .90 | 206 | 59 | 1.01 |
1 32 p.m...... | 13 | 167 | .87 | 193 | 57 | .94 |
2 10 p.m...... | 15 | 184 | .84 | 218 | 59 | 1.06 |
1Subject drank solution (325 c.c.) at 10hllm a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, juice of half lemon; energy, 402 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 14 | 191 | 0.82 | 232 | 64 | 1.12 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h30ma.m...... | 15 | 264 | .99 | 268 | 65 | 1.35 |
11 18 a.m...... | 14 | 244 | .94 | 259 | 75 | 1.29 |
12 49 p.m...... | 15 | 213 | .96 | 222 | 67 | 1.11 |
1 27 p.m...... | 16 | 193 | .83 | 233 | 63 | 1.13 |
2 06 p.m...... | 15 | 203 | .78 | 259 | 67 | 1.24 |
1Subject drank solution (325 c.c.) at 9h57m a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, 200 grams coffee; nitrogen, 0.16 gram; total energy, 424 cals. Fuel value: Total, 422 cals.; from carbohydrates, 99 p. ct.; from protein, 1 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 4 periods. . | 14 | 203 | 0.86 | 236 | 63 | 1.15 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h36ma.m...... | 15 | 306 | 1.07 | 286 | 71 | 1.44 |
10 57 a.m...... | 14 | 297 | 1.06 | 279 | 67 | 1.41 |
11 20 a.m...... | 15 | 271 | .98 | 277 | 68 | 1.39 |
1Subject drank sucrose and coffee at 10h31m a. m.
Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, 200 grams coffee; nitrogen, 0.16 gram; total energy, 424 cals. Fuel value: Total, 422 cals.; from carbohydrates, 99 p. ct.; from protein, 1 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | C.C. | C.C. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 14 | 213 | 0.88 | 241 | 65 | 1.18 |
With food:1 | ||||||
lh25mp.m....... | 14 | 302 | 1.10 | 275 | 55 | 1.39 |
1 41 p.m....... | 15 | 275 | .98 | 281 | 57 | 1.41 |
2 04 p.m....... | 14 | 249 | .91 | 273 | 57 | 1.35 |
2 27 p.m....... | 16 | 242 | .90 | 268 | 58 | 1.32 |
1Subject drank sucrose and coffee at about 1 p. m.
Amount, 100 grams; energy, 396 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Ventilation (reduced). | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | liters. | c.c. | C.C. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods . | 6.36 | 18.3 | 224 | 0.88 | 254 | 60 | 1.24 |
With food:1 | |||||||
10h34ma.m...... | 7.90 | 19.0 | 299 | 1.03 | 290 | 1.46 | |
10 37 a.m...... | 7.74 | 17.8 | 300 | 1.08 | 277 | 1.40 | |
10 41 a.m...... | 8.68 | 19.2 | 329 | 1.12 | 293 | 1.48 | |
10 46 a.m...... | 8.65 | 19.4 | 337 | 1.14 | 294 | 1.48 | |
10 51 a.m...... | 8.88 | 19.0 | 347 | 1.14 | 305 | 1.54 | |
10 56 a.m...... | 8.65 | 17.2 | 345 | 1.11 | 311 | 1.57 | |
11 15 a.m...... | 8.02 | 17.3 | 313 | 1.00 | 314 | 67 | 1.58 |
11 49 a.m...... | 8.30 | 20.0 | 314 | 1.03 | 305 | 68 | 1.54 |
1Subject drank mixture (about 300 c.c.) of sucrose and cereal coffee at 10h27m a. m. About 1 gram of the preparation per 200 c.c. was used for the cereal coffee.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of half lemon; energy, 303 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 4 periods. . | 16 | 202 | 0.87 | 231 | 63 | 1.13 |
With food:1 | ||||||
4h20mp.m....... | 17 | 239 | .97 | 247 | 60 | 1.24 |
4 45 p.m....... | 17 | 270 | 1.03 | 262 | 61 | 1.32 |
5 13 p.m....... | 16 | 251 | 1.00 | 252 | 65 | 1.27 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at 4h47m p. m.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 309 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. . | 16 | 190 | 0.80 | 238 | 64 | 1.14 |
With food:1 | ||||||
10h51ma.m...... | 17 | 205 | .84 | 243 | 63 | 1.18 |
11 20 a.m...... | 16 | 257 | .95 | 270 | 66 | 1.35 |
11 55 a.m...... | 17 | 248 | 71 | 1.30 | ||
12 35 p.m...... | 15 | 223 | .87 | 255 | 72 | 1.25 |
1 11 p.m...... | 16 | 222 | .92 | 242 | 69 | 1.20 |
1 44 p.m...... | 15 | 216 | .88 | 245 | 70 | 1.20 |
2 18 p.m...... | 14 | 212 | .87 | 244 | 66 | 1.19 |
2 51 p.m...... | 15 | 207 | .87 | 238 | 68 | 1.16 |
3 28 p.m...... | 17 | 208 | 70 | 1.18 | ||
20 | 206 | .84 | 244 | 68 | 1.18 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at 10h42m a. m.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 309 cals.; from carbohydrate!' 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 4 periods.. | 17 | 202 | 0.85 | 237 | 70 | 1.15 |
With food:1 | ||||||
11h04ma.m...... | 18 | 246 | 1.04 | 237 | 66 | 1.20 |
11 37 a.m...... | 17 | 264 | 1.01 | 261 | 68 | 1.32 |
12 11 p.m...... | 16 | 254 | 1.00 | 253 | 70 | 1.28 |
12 41 p.m...... | 15 | 228 | 71 | 1.15 | ||
1 08 p.m...... | 18 | 235 | 1.01 | 232 | 74 | 1.17 |
1 41 p.m...... | 18 | 213 | .93 | 228 | 63 | 1.13 |
2 17 p.m...... | 17 | 204 | .90 | 227 | 65 | 1.12 |
2 47 p.m...... | 18 | 210 | .89 | 236 | 63 | 1.16 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at 10h53m a. m.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 309 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | ex. | cals. | |||
Av. of 5 periods.. | 19 | 196 | 0.85 | 231 | 67 | 1.12 |
With food:1 | ||||||
11h27ma.m...... | 19 | 226 | .91 | 249 | 65 | 1.23 |
11 52 a.m...... | 20 | 259 | 1.02 | 253 | 63 | 1.28 |
12 24 p.m...... | 20 | 250 | 1.01 | 248 | 65 | 1.25 |
12 51 p.m...... | 17 | 233 | .95 | 245 | 65 | 1.22 |
1 25 p.m...... | 20 | 223 | .92 | 243 | 72 | 1.20 |
1 53 p.m...... | 17 | 204 | .89 | 229 | 69 | 1.12 |
2 19 p.m...... | 16 | 206 | .92 | 224 | 61 | 1.11 |
4 45 p.m...... | 21 | 209 | .89 | 234 | 66 | 1.15 |
5 06 p.m...... | 21 | 203 | .88 | 231 | 65 | 1.13 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at 11h46ma. m.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 309 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 7 periods. | 20 | 203 | 0.83 | 244 | 63 | 1.18 |
With food:1 | ||||||
lh30mp.m....... | 22 | 216 | .83 | 260 | 1.26 | |
2 03 p.m....... | 22 | 245 | .91 | 270 | 70 | 1.33 |
2 38 p.m....... | 18 | 225 | .89 | 253 | 73 | 1.24 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at 1h49m p. m.
Amounts, 75 grams sucrose, juice of one lemon; energy, 309 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct.
Time. | • Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 4 periods. . | 19 | 190 | 0.84 | 226 | 56 | 1.10 |
With food:1 | ||||||
11h45ma.m...... | 21 | 227 | .94 | 242 | 63 | 1.20 |
11 50 a.m...... | 21 | 216 | .93 | 233 | 64 | 1.16 |
12 21 p.m...... | 21 | 241 | 1.01 | 239 | 61 | 1.21 |
12 58 p.m...... | 19 | 245 | .97 | 252 | 63 | 1.26 |
1 31 p.m...... | 20 | 213 | .94 | 227 | 65 | 1.13 |
2 03 p.m...... | 17 | 238 | .98 | 244 | 68 | 1.23 |
2 45 p.m...... | 20 | 206 | .91 | 227 | 65 | 1.12 |
4 32 p.m...... | 20 | 221 | .93 | 237 | 57 | 1.18 |
1Subject drank sucrose and lemon juice in 150 c.c. of water at llh07m a. m.
 
Continue to: