H. R. D., May 17, 1906

The third experiment with this subject was made with a considerably larger amount of gluten bread, but the amount of skim milk was also increased. The total nitrogen intake was 24.47 grams, of which 21.88 grams came from gluten bread and 2.59 grams from skim milk. This experiment was also continued for 12 hours; the results are given in table 226. The increment in all the factors of the metabolism was noticeable; the base-line was not reached at the end of the experiment. The maximum in nitrogen excretion was obtained in the fourth period, but although there was a tendency for it to decrease thereafter the output was very large even in the sixth period, showing a considerable metabolism of nitrogenous material. The ingestion of 24.47 grams of nitrogen, therefore, had a pronounced effect upon the metabolism, which persisted for the 12 hours of the experiment and showed no indication of ceasing at the end of that time. If we compare the results with those obtained in the preceding experiment, we find the increment in carbon-dioxide production is considerably larger in this experiment and that the increment in heat production is practically twice as large, but that the increment in oxygen consumption is not far from the same in both experiments. This indicates a disparity between the direct and indirect calorimetry, which unfortunately is only too frequent in experiments of this kind.

Table 225. - H. R. D., May 9, 1906. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Gluten Bread And Skim Milk

Amounts, 100 grams gluten bread, 220 grams skim milk; nitrogen, 15.42 grams; total energy, 622 cats. Fuel value: Total, 487 cals.; from protein, 84 p. ct.; from fat, 2 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 14 p. ct. Basal values (February 6 to April 20, 1906): CO2, 47 grams; O2, 42 grams; heat, 146 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.44 gram per 2 hours (May 9, 1906).

Heat eliminated not corrected for small change in body-weight or for change in body-temperature.

Table 226. - H. R. D., May 17, 1906. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Gluten Bread And Skim Milk

Amounts, 153 grams gluten bread, 499 grams skim milk; nitrogen, 24.47 grams; total energy, 1,023 cals. Fuel value: Total, 809 cals.; from protein, 81 p. ct.; from fat, 2 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 17 p. ct. Basal values (February 6 to April 20, 1906): CO2, 47 grams; O2, 42 grams; heat, 146 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.58 gram per 2 hours (May 17, 1906).

1Subject ate food in 39 minutes.

2Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature.

H. C. K., May 7, 1906

Only 66 grams of gluten bread were taken in this experiment with 706 grams of skim milk. The nitrogen content of the diet was 13.04 grams, of which 9.44 grams were contained in the gluten bread. The basal values were determined but 4 days previous to the experiment and were thus approximately correct values for use in this experiment. Relatively large increments are shown in table 227 throughout the experimental period. The nitrogen excretion increased for the first three periods, but decreased slightly in the last period. Both the nitrogen excretion and the total metabolism indicate that the effect of ingesting this protein food material was still felt at the end of the experiment.

Table 227. - C. K., May 7, 1906. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Gluten Bread And Skim Milk

Amounts, 66 grams gluten bread, 706 grams skim milk; nitrogen, 13.04 grams; total energy, 672 cals. Fuel value: Total, 558 cals.; from protein, 65 p. ct.; from fat, 4 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 31 p. ct. Basal values (May 3, 1906): CO2, 51 grams; O2, 47 grams; heat, 164 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 1 gram per 2 hours (May 7, 1906).

1Subject ate food in 37 minutes.

Conclusions As To Effect Of Ingesting Gluten

The four experiments with gluten bread and skim milk all indicate a pronounced increment in the metabolism following the ingestion of the food, which in some instances continued for a 12-hour experimental period. This increment was shown not only in the gaseous metabolism and heat production, but also in the nitrogen excretion, which was considerably above the basal value even at the end of the experiment. In three of the four experiments the nitrogen excretion in the urine was the highest in the third 2-hour period of the experiment. There was a distinct tendency, however, for the greatest increase in the heat output to occur in the first 4 hours of the experiment.