ZOUAVES

2137

ZUYDER ZEE

life, law, order, truth and all that is pure and holy; while Ahriman is darkness, falsehood, corruption, evil and death. These two spirits are represented as in perpetual conflict for the mastery of the world; but the final triumph of Ormuzd, the good spirit, is promised to comfort the hearts of all the faithful. Other features of Zoroaster's system of doctrine may be briefly mentioned: (1) the principal duty of man in this life is to obey the word and commandments of God; (2) disobedience is punished with the death of the sinner; (3) those who obey the word of God will be free from all defects; (4) men should pray to God and worship, as He always hears the prayers of the good; (5) the souls of the pure and good will enjoy everlasting life, while those of the wicked will suffer everlasting punishment.

Zouaves (zōō-āva'), a body of troops in the French army, which derives its name from a tribe of Moors in Algeria, who were taken into the French service after the conquest of that country in 1830. They were first united in the same battalions with French soldiers, retaining their Moorish dress; but, as it was soon found that the system of commingling the two races was not practicable, the French and the Kabyles were formed into separate companies. Gradually, however, the Kabyles were eliminated, and since 1840 Zouaves have been correctly described as French troops in a Moorish dress. They are recruited from the veterans of the ordinary infantry regiments, who are distinguished for fine physique, tried courage and hardihood. The uniform consists of a loose jacket and waistcoast of blue cloth ornamented with yellow braid; loose, madder-colored trousers; brown cloak; madder-colored fez cap with a yellow tassel, surrounded by a green turban; a light-blue sash of wool; yellow leather leggings; and white gaiters. They are armed with a carbine and a sword-bayonet.

Zu'Iu (zocfloo) is the name of that portion of the Kafir race who inhabit Natal and the region northeast of it, until they gradually merge into the mere negro of the eastern coast north of the Zambezi. The Zulu is a more amiable savage than his brother of the Cape's frontier-districts. He is less warlike, more industrious and far more willing to act as farm-laborer or domestic servant. He by nature is social, light of heart and cheerful. His affections are steady and enduring, but his passions are strong and are called out in all their force in war. Whatever better nature he may possess, when his chief commands war he is converted into a demon. That the warlike qualities of the Zulus have not decayed was seen in the war that broke out in 1879 between England and Cete-wayo (g. v.), the Zulu king.

Zu'luland is a province of Natal, between it and Portuguese East Africa. Previous to the war of 1879 there was no good map of the Zulu country, and even yet we know little of its geology or mineral productions. Asbestos of the Canadian or short-fiber variety has been discovered. The interior is healthy, fertile and arable. Rich gold-reefs have been found, excellent coal is mined, and there is a railway to Tugela River. The principal rivers are Umvolozi or St. Lucia River, which enters the sea about 80 miles northeast of the former Natal frontier, and the Mapoota and its branches, which drain the north of the region and fall into Delagoa Bay. None of these rivers is available for inland navigation, although a large lagoon near the mouth of the St. Lucia can be ascended for a few miles. The rivers which flow into Delagoa Bay are sluggish streams, with scarcely perceptible currents, and can be ascended for some distance. The principal inhabitants are of the Zulu race, but the Portuguese have a settlement on Delagoa Bay where they carry on some trade with the natives and the Boers. In December of 1897 Zululand was incorporated with Natal under the British crown. Its area is 10,461 square miles, with an estimated population of 225,000 in,eluding 1,100 whites. It has a representative in the legislative council, and sends two members to the legislative assembly. See Natal.

Zuni, a tribe of Indians belonging to the Pueblo group See Pueblos.

Zurich (zê'rïk), a city of Switzerland, capital of the canton of the same name, is at the point where the Limmat issues from the lake of Zurich and unites with its tributary, the Sihl. It is one of the most prosperous manufacturing and commercial towns of Switzerland. Yet the narrow streets and lofty houses of its older quarters give it the appearance of a medieval city. There are many interesting old buildings, the most remarkable being the cathedral erected in the nth century. The town's library is an extensive one, and numerous museums of natural history and other similar institutions indicate the intelligence and cultivated tastes of the inhabitants. There is a polytechnic school with 935 students and 455 listeners, and the University of Zurich has 133 instructors and 1,412 students. Population 186,846.

Zurich, a lake of Switzerland, surrounded by the three cantons of Zurich, St. Gall and Schwyz. It is between 20 and 25 miles in length, about two in breadth, and about 500 feet deep. It is noted for beautiful scenery, the hills around being covered with numerous gardens, vineyards and orchards.

Zuyder Zee (zî'dër zë), a bay on the coast of Holland, separated from the North Sea or German Ocean by the four islands