540. Tallow Resin Soap

540.    Tallow Resin Soap. About 15 per cent, of resin can be mixed with tallow without injuring the color and firmness of the soap. A larger proportion deteriorates the quality and produces an inferior soap. Some soap-makers melt the resin and tallow together before saponifying; but it is better to make a soap of each in separate boilers, and then mix and boil them together thoroughly for half an hour, and strain through a sieve before filling the frames.

541. To Make Resin Soap

541.    To Make Resin Soap. Boil 12 gallons caustic soda lye of 30° Baum'e in a kettle, and add 100 pounds well pulverized resin, 10 or 15 pounds at a time, stirring constantly and thoroughly, the heat being kept up to or nearly at boiling point. Saponification will be effected in about 2 hours. The lightest resin is the best for soap.

542. Cocoanut Oil Soap

542.    Cocoanut Oil Soap. Put 100 pounds cocoanut oil and 100 pounds caustic soda lye of 27° Baum'e into a soap kettle; boil and mix thoroughly for 1 or 2 hours, until the paste gradually thickens; then diminish the heat, but continue stirring till the cooling paste assumes a white, half-solid mass; then transfer quickly to the frames. A mixture of equal parts of cocoanut oil and tallow will make a very fine filled soap. (See No. 538 (Filled Soap).) Cocoanut oil mixed with almost any fats, if they are not in too large proportions, will produce filled soaps.

543. Palm Oil Soap

543.    Palm Oil Soap. Palm oil is seldom used alone as a saponaceous fat, but is employed in conjunction with other fats, and with resin; this latter being usually saponified separately and mixed afterwards. (See No. 540 (Tallow Resin Soap).) The directions for making tallow soap apply equally well to palm oil. The following are among the best mixtures and proportions of palm oil for soaps:

30 pounds palm oil, 20 pounds tallow, and 2 pounds resin.

30 pounds palm oil, 50 pounds tallow, and 20 pounds resin.

90 pounds palm oil and 10 pounds cocoanut oil.

15 pounds palm oil, 55 pounds lard, 5 pounds cocoanut oil, and 5 pounds clarified resin.

544. To Hake Soap from Grained Tallow

544.    To Hake Soap from Grained Tallow. Mix 6 pounds caustic soda and 2 pounds caustic potash with 17 to 20 gallons hot water; put a portion of this lye into a clean barrel; stir in by degrees 25 pounds grained tallow; add the rest of the lye and stir it briskly for at least an hour; then let it rest, and before it is cold pour it into a frame or box, and finish according to No. 520.

545. Dawson's Patent Composite Soap

545.      Dawson's Patent Composite Soap. Strong potash lye, 75 pounds; tal-tow, 75 pounds; cocoanut oil, 25 pounds. Boil until the compound is saponified in the usual manner.

To make 30 pounds of the new composition, take 2 gallons boiling soft water in a kettle, add 1/2 pound sal soda, 2 ounces borax, 2 table-spoonfuls spirits of turpentine, and 1 tea-spoonful linseed oil. Stir this mixture until the borax and soda are dissolved; then add 15 pounds of the above soap made from lye, tallow, and cocoanut oil; and continue the boiling with stirring for 15 minutes, until the whole is incorporated and dissolved. Now add 2 ounces spirits of hartshorn, and stir. It may be scented with any essential oil, or odor, and colored, if desired; then run off and molded into cakes fit for toilet use. It is a good soap for chapped hands, and is free from any disagreeable odor.