Friedrieh Rudolph Albrecht, archduke of Austria, born Aug. 3, 1817. He is the eldest son of the late archduke Charles, second son of the emperor Leopold II., and is consequently first cousin of the reigning emperor's father. He distinguished himself in his youth as a cavalry commander, and had an important share in the battle of Novara in 1849. , He was governor general of Hungary 1851-'60. During the campaign of 1866 he commanded the Austrian forces in Venetia, and gained the brilliant victory of Custozza over the Italians (June 24), but the defeat of Benedek at Sadowa (July 3) neutralized this success. The archduke was called to replace Benedek, but the treaty of Prague immediately put an end to the war. He is a field marshal, and inspector general of the Austrian army. His wife, daughter of King Louis I. of Bavaria, died in 1864.