387. Nr, disjoined from, but written in close proximity to, the following character, may represent in recon, in

recom or in recog, as in the phrases, in recompense

in recognition

Exercise

388. Write the following:

in recommencing in recommending in recommitting

in recompense in recognition in recognizing

"Is it," "as it," "is there," "as there," etc.

389. The use of the st and str loops as phrasing factors is authorized by Munson, not; by Graham or Benn Pitman.

The expedient seems meritorious enough to be explained in the present chapter, for the adoption of those who may favor it.*

390. Standing alone or at the beginning of a phrase, the st loop written in the direction of chay may represent, above the line, is it, and on the line, as it or has it. Illustrations: is it

as it or has it.

is it necessary

as it is

as it has been

391. If this expedient be adopted, the half-length z on the line, being no longer required for as it, may be freely used for the very common phrase was it, thus dispensing with the rather too long and cumbrous sign

Exercise

392. In the following exercise, is it, as it and has it are to be represented by the st loop:

as it

as it has been

as it has not

as it is

as it is never

as it is necessary

as it is not

as it is now

as it never

as it now

as it now appears

has it never has it not has it not been is it

is it necessary is it never is it not is it now is it unnecessary is it your (you inverted) opinion

*That well-known reporter, Mr. Clarence E. Walker, of Louisville, Ky., a writer of the Graham system, has approved and adopted this expedient in his recent book entitled "Speed and Legibility." He remarks that from it "many beautiful, rapidly-made and surely-read phrases result."

392 1/2 Attached to when, where and why, the st loop may express is it or has it, as in the phrases when is it, or when has it; where is it, or where has it; why is it, or why has it.

393. Standing alone, or at the beginning of a phrase, the str loop, written in the direction of chay, may represent above the line is there, and on the line as there

or has there; as in the phrases is there

is there anything

as there is

has there been

has there not

394. If is there and as there be thus provided for, the double-length z may be freely used for was there, without any care as to position, thus avoiding the confusion and illegibility which sometimes result from the triple use of this character, to represent is there, was there and as there, with no distinction except carefully-expressed position.

395. In the following exercise, is there, as there, has there and as they are should be represented by the str loop:

as there

as there has never

as there has no doubt

as there has not

as there is

as there is another

as there is no objection

as there is no time

as there is not

as there is nothing

as there is now as they are now as they are necessary has there has there been has there never has there now is there

is there any admission is there any condition

is there any objection is there anything is there enough

is there never is there not is there now

396. A final circle, whether it be a word-sign or part of a word-outline, may be enlarged to a str loop to add their, there or they are; thus; because there or because they

are

of course there or of course they are.

why is there

nor is there

This expedient

affords a convenient means of joining there or their to many verb-forms ending with a circle, to which these words can not be added by doubling the preceding stroke; thus,loves their

says there

thinks there

takes their

397. Is or has, following there added by a loop, may be expressed thus: of course there is or of course there has

unless there is or unless there has

says

there is or says there has

knows there is or knows

there has

Exercise

398. In the following exercise, there, their or they are is to be expressed by changing a circle to a str loop; and is or has, following there, is to be written in accordance with Paragraph 397:

loves their knows there