137. With may be omitted and implied at the end of such phrases as in conjunction with, etc. (See Paragraphs 328-329.)

In the following phrases, with may be omitted:

in accordance (with) in (com)parison (with) in (com)bination (with)

in (con)junction (with) in (conn)ection (with) in harmony (with)

ellipsis of "to."

138. To is frequently omitted and implied at the end of such phrases as in reference to, in regard to, in reply to, in relation to, etc.

139. To phrases from which the last word is thus omitted, additional words may be attached, if the form of the last stroke will admit of such additions; and the stroke itself may be modified by circles, hooks, ticks, half-length-ing and double-lengthing. Illustrations: in regard to this,

in reply to them,

in reference to the

in reference to their,

in respect to your,

(For explanation of method of writing phrases beginning with in re-, see Paragraph 385.)

Exercise

Write the following phrases, omitting to and joining the following word:

in reference (to) that

in reference (to) the

in reference (to) the matter

in reference (to) this

in reference (to) which

in reference (to) your

in regard (to) it

in regard (to) its

in regard (to) that

in regard (to) that which

in regard (to) them

in regard (to) this

in regard (to) this one

in regard (to) you

in regard (to) your

in reply (to) him

in reply (to) it

in reply (to) many

in reply (to) several

in reply (to) some

in reply (to) such

in reply (to) that

in reply (to) their

in reply (to) theirs

in reply (to) this

in reply (to) you

in reply (to) your

in reply (to) yours

in respect (to)

in respect (to) him

in respect (to) his

in respect (to) many

in respect (to) many more

in respect (to) one

in respect (to) several in respect (to) some in respect (to) such in respect (to) that in respect (to) them

in respect (to) themselves in respect (to) this in respect (to) which in respect (to) you in respect (to) your

140. To, following the word according, is generally omitted, and, if convenient, the next word is joined, as in the phrase according to this

Exercise

Write the following phrases, omitting to and joining the next word:

according (to) its own according (to) justice according (to) law according (to) that according (to) the according (to) their according (to) them according (to) these (vocalize these) according (to) this according to those according (to) such according (to) which according (to) your

141. To, the sign of the infinitive, may in many case3 be omitted and implied, when it is immediately followed by the verb to which it belongs.

Exercise

Write the following phrases, omitting to, the sign of the infinitive:

every reason (to) think

have (to) be

help (to) make

is this (to) be

it seems (to) be

it seems (to) have

it seems (to) make it is never (to) be it is not (to) be it is sure (to) be it is (to) be said (to) be

seems (to) be

seems (to) make

seems (to) take

so as (to) be

so as (to) become

so as (to) make

that is (to) be

that is (to) say (vocalize

say) there is (to) be

want (to) be

want (to) say

was (to) be

we wish (to) do (I. D.*)

we wish (to) say (I. D.

when is this (to) be

wish (to) be

wish (to) do

wish (to) say

you are (to) be

142. In the following phrases, to, the sign of the infinitive, is to be omitted after the special phrase in order

in order (to) answer in order (to) be in order (to) become in order (to) carry in order (to) determine in order (to) develop in order (to) distinguish in order (to) do in order (to) effect in order (to) encourage in order (to) enjoy in order (to) have in order (to) inquire in order (to) judge

in order (to) keep

in order (to) know

in order (to) observe

in order (to) pay

in order (to) say

in order (to) see (vocalize

see) in order (to) send in order (to) show in order (to) take in order (to) test in order (to) touch in order (to) turn in order (to) understand

143. But to, the sign of the infinitive, should not be omitted if a better junction can be obtained by writing it.

*These letters, meaning "Initial Displacement," indicate that the first word of a phrase is written out of its ordinary position in order that the second word may be written in its normal place. Occasionally they indicate that the first two words are displaced in order to bring the third into its ordinary position.

Exercise

In the following phrases, insert to:

designed to make in order to blame in order to charm in order to deliver in order to direct in order to limit in order to make in order to manage in order to modify in order to move in order to place in order to receive in order to refuse in order to reject in order to remember in order to reply in order to retain in order to tell in order to throw in order to treat in order to write mean to make want to make who is to make

144. The preposition to may be omitted in the midst of a phrase, where the sense or construction will supply it. Illustrations: it seems (to) me, it seemed (to) me, it appears (to) me.

Exercise

Write the following:

appears (to) me in addition (to) this it appears (to) me it seemed (to) me it seems (to) me

say (to) you seemed (to) me seems (to) me there appears (to) me there seems (to) me

145. To, the sign of the infinitive, is never omitted and implied at the beginning of a phrase, though, by some writers (following the teaching of Mr. Graham), it may be omitted and indicated by dropping the next word to "the fourth position."