Circulatum

According to Boerhaave, the circilatum of Paracelsus was a liquor prepared from sea salt. Paracelsus obtained from this salt a perpetual oil, which he called circulatum minus, circulatus sal minor, ens grimum solium, oleum salis, aqua salis. He had also a circulatum majus, which he called materia mer-curii salis, and ignis vivens. See Barchusen in his Pyrosophia-maets, Collectanea Chimica Leydens, and Blancard's Lexicon Renovatum.

Circuli Ignei

See Eclampsis.

Circumcalualis

See Adnata.

Circumcisio

(From circumcido, to cut about). Circumcision. Albucasis describes several methods of performing this operation; but the best is to stretch the prepuce over the glands, and make a ligature about it, then with a razor cut of all that extends beyond. In warm countries this operation seems to be sometimes necessary, and always convenient, in point of cleanliness; for the discharge of the glandulae odoriferae lying under the prepuce, corrupts and becomes acrid; corrodes and inflames the glands and the prepuce.

Circumferus

(From circumfero, to twist about). In botany it means twisting round like the tendrils of a hop round the pole.

Circumflexus Palati

(From circumftecto, to fold about; so named from its winding position). Called also musculus tubae novus Valsalvae, palato-pha-ryngaeus,spheno-salpingo-staphylinus,peri-staphylinus externus, tensor palati. Of this muscle Valsalva was the discoverer. It rises from the spinous process of the sphenoid bone, behind the foramen ovale, which transmits the third branch of the fifth pair of nerves from the Eustachian tube, not far from its osseous part; it then runs down along the pterygoides internus, passes over the hook of the internal plate of the pterygoid process by a round tendon, which soon spreads into a broad membrane. It is inserted into the velum pendulum pa-lati, and the semilunar edge of the os palati, and extends as far as the suture which joins the two bones. Its use is to stretch the velum, to draw it downwards, and to a side towards the hook. It has little effect upon the tube, being chiefly connected to its osseous part. Innes.

Circumforanei

(Quia circum fora versari so-leant, because they attended markets). See Agyrtae.

Circumgyratio

(From circumgyro, to turn round). Circumgyration. A turning of the limb round about in its socket.

Circumlitio

(From circumlino, to anoint all over,) in general, is any medicine applied by way of unction, or as a liniment; but, in a particular manner, it is appropriated to ophthalmic medicines, with which the eye lids are anointed.

Circumossalis

(From circum, around, and os, a bone). See Adnata and Periosteum.

Circumstantiae

(From circumsto, to stand round). Circumstances. In medicine, they are whatever are not essentially necessarily connected with the principal indicant. Of this kind, in what are commonly called res naturales, are the condition of the patient and the part affected; the strength, age, sex, custom, and way of life; in the praeternaturales, or the times of diseases, paroxysms, number, and symptoms. In the non-naturales are the air and soil. These circumstances often regulate the conduct of a physician.