This section is from the book "Food Ingestion And Energy Transformations", by Francis G. Benedict, Thorne M. Carpenter. See also: Food Combining and Digestion: Easy to Follow Techniques to Increase Stomach Power and Maximize Digestion.
Basal values (March 6 and 9, 1907): CO2, 51 grams; O2, 46 grams; heat, 164 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.96 gram per 2 hours (March 16, 1907).
Water consumed.1 | Nitrogen in urine per 2 hours. | Carbon dioxide. | Oxygen. | Heat. | |||
Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | ||
grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | cals. | cals. |
434 | 1.23 | 51 | 0 | 45 | -1 | 177 | 13 |
439 | 1.28 | 52 | 1 | 44 | -2 | 160 | -4 |
443 | 1.25 | 53 | 2 | 47 | 1 | 175 | 11 |
268 | 1.32 | 53 | 2 | 49 | 3 | 168 | 4 |
Total | 209 | 5 | 185 | 1 | 680 | 24 | |
1Subject drank the respective amounts at the beginning of the 2-bour periods.
(2-hour periods.) Water (22° C), about 400 grams at 11° C. in last period), 3,935 grams. Basal values (March 15 and 21, 1907): CO2, 50 grams; 62, 41 grams; heat, 155 cals.
Water consumed.1 | Nitrogen in urine per 2 hours. | Carbon dioxide. | Oxygen. | Heat. | |||
Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | ||
grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | cals. | cals. |
1,313 | 0.422 | 48 | -2 | 34 | -7 | 149 | -6 |
1,021 | 1.06 | 53 | 3 | 44 | 3 | 152 | -3 |
284 | .51 | 47 | -3 | 37 | -4 | 135 | -20 |
1,317 | .80 | 54 | 4 | 47 | 6 | 165 | 10 |
Total | .... | 202 | 2 | 162 | -2 | 601 | -19 |
1Began drinking water with beginning of experiment.
2 Sample includes amount for about an hour preceding experiment.
Basal values (January 10, 1911): CO2, 19.5 grams; O2, 17 grams; heat,1 59 cals.; respiratory quotient, 0.84. Nitrogen in urine, 0.44 gram per 45 minutes.
Water consumed.2 | Nitrogen in urine per 45 minutes. | Carbon dioxide. | Oxygen. | Heat.1 | Respiratory quotient. | |||
Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | |||
grams. | gram. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | cals. | cals. | |
674 | 0.42 | 21.5 | 2.0 | 20.5 | 3.5 | 68 | 9 | 0.77 |
375 | .54 | 20.5 | 1.0 | 18.0 | 1.0 | 56 | -3 | .82 |
498 | .49 | 21.0 | 1.5 | 19.5 | 2.5 | 59 | 0 | .79 |
Total | 63.0 | 4.5 | 58.0 | 7.0 | 183 | 6 | ... | |
1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 2Subject drank about 175 grams of water at each interval of about 10 to 20 minutes.
Basal values (January 12, 1911): CO2, 14.5 grams; O2, 13 grams; heat,1 46 cals.; respiratory quotient, 0.82. Nitrogen in urine, 0.21 gram per 45 minutes.
Water consumed.2 | Nitrogen in urine per 45 minutes. | Carbon dioxide. | Oxygen. | Heat.1 | Respiratory quotient. | |||
Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | |||
grams. | gram. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | cals. | cals. | |
600 | 0.36 | 15.0 | 0.5 | 16.0 | 3.0 | 57 | 11 | 0.68 |
600 | .36 | 16.5 | 2.0 | 14.5 | 1.5 | 51 | 5 | .85 |
600 | .41 | 17.0 | 2.5 | 17.0 | 4.0 | 52 | 6 | .72 |
Total | ... | 48.5 | 5.0 | 47.5 | 8.5 | 160 | 22 | .... |
1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 2Subject drank 200 grams of water at each interval of about 15 minutes.
Basal values: CO2, 20 grams (January 13, 1911); O2, 17.5 grams (January 10-17, 1911); heat, 56 cals. (January 13, 1911); respiratory quotient, 0.85 (January 13, 1911). Nitrogen in urine, 0.38 gram per 45 minutes (January 13, 1911).
Water consumed.2 | Nitrogen in urine per 45 minutes. | Carbon dioxide. | Oxygen. | Heat.1 | Respiratory quotient. | |||
Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | Total. | Increase. | |||
grams. | gram. | grams. | grams. | grams. | grams. | cals. | cals. | |
600 | 0.45 | 20.5 | 0.5 | 20.0 | 2.5 | 67 | 11 | 0.75 |
600 | .57 | 23.0 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 3.5 | 64 | 8 | .80 |
600 | .53 | 21.5 | 1.5 | 18.5 | 1.0 | 63 | 7 | .84 |
Total. . | 65.0 | 5.0 | 59.5 | 7.0 | 194 | 26 | ..... | |
1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 2Subject drank 200 grams of water at each interval of about 10 to 20 minutes.
Previous day, low carbohydrate diet. Between supper on preceding day and 8 a. m. of experimental day, walked 1.6 miles according to pedometer. Urinated 7h45m a. m. Slept a little in first basal period, still longer in second period, very sleepy in first part of third period, but wide awake in latter part, as special efforts were made to keep him awake. Very quiet in last water-drinking period; asleep part of the time. Blood pressure: basal periods, 102, 107, 105 mm.; after water, 103, 100 mm. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7h45m a. m. to 12h50m p. m., 0.32 gram.
Between 5 p. m., February 6, and 8 a. m., February 7, walked 1.5 miles according to pedometer. Very quiet throughout experiment; slept part of second basal period, and a little in first two periods after water. Urinated 7h30m a. m. and 2h46m p. m. Blood pressure: basal periods, 108, 111, 120 mm.; after water, 102, 105, 102 mm. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7h30m a. m. to 2h46m p. m., 0.41 gram.
Urinated at 8h45m a. m.; quiet throughout experiment. Pulse rate increased immediately after taking hot water, range between llh45m a. m. and 12h45m p. m. being 63 to 79. Blood pressure: basal periods, 119, 122, 120, 120 mm.; after water, 119, 115, 104 mm. Nitrogen in urine per hour 8h45m a. m. to 4 p. m., 0.27 gram.
Mouthpiece and noseclips used instead of nosepieces; high carbohydrate diet on day preceding experiment. Urinated at 7 a. m., llh53m a. m., and 2h45m p. m. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7 a. m. to llh53m a. m., 0.42 gram.
Low carbohydrate diet day before. Awake and quiet during whole experiment; urinated at 7h30m a. m. and large amount at 2 p. m. Blood pressure: basal periods, 117, 116 mm.; after water, 126, 128, 119, 117 mm. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7h30m a. m. to 2 p. m., 0.48 gram.
During first period after water had strong desire to urinate; urinated at 10h21m a. m., 10h54ma. m., and llh47m a. m. Nitrogen in urine per hour 8h45m a. m. to 10h21m a. m., 0.57 gram; 10h21m a. m. to 10h54m a. m., 0.49 gram.
(Values per minute.) Water (60.5° C), 200 c.c.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods... | 19 | 190 | 0.84 | 227 | 59 | 1.10 |
Water:1 | ||||||
10h44ma.m........ | 19 | 197 | .88 | 224 | 66 | 1.10 |
10 47 a.m........ | 18 | 191 | .86 | 222 | 60 | 1.08 |
1Taken at 10h06m a. m.
(Values per minute.) Water (57.40 C), 300 c.c.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 3 periods. .. | 17 | 183 | 0.80 | 229 | 65 | 1.10 |
Water:1 | ||||||
11h45ma.m........ | 19 | 197 | .88 | 225 | 66 | 1.10 |
11 46 a.m.... | 17 | 192 | .81 | 237 | 64 | 1.14 |
12 16 p.m........ | 17 | 190 | .83 | 229 | 64 | 1.11 |
1Taken at llh05m a. m.
(Values per minute.) Water (58° C), 325 c.c.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | c.c. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 4 periods... | 14 | 178 | 0.83 | 214 | 62 | 1.04 |
Water:1 | ||||||
12h44mp.m........ | 13 | 180 | .88 | 203 | 64 | 0.99 |
12 56 p.m........ | 12 | 173 | .85 | 204 | 63 | .99 |
1 24 p.m........ | 14 | 173 | .84 | 207 | 63 | 1.00 |
1Taken at l1h40ma. m.
(Values per minute.) Water (53° C), 325 c.c.
Time. | Average. respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed) |
Without food: | C.C. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 2 periods. .. | 18 | 188 | 0.86 | 219 | 52 | 1.07 |
Water:1 | ||||||
10h37m a.m......... | 18 | 186 | .84 | 221 | 52 | 1.07 |
11 07 a.m........ | 19 | 189 | .86 | 220 | 51 | 1.07 |
1Taken at 10h06m a.m.
(Values per minute.) Water (about 55° C), 325 c.c.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | C.C. | c.c. | cals. | |||
Av. of 2 periods... | 11 | 178 | 0.84 | 213 | 63 | 1.03 |
Water:1 | ||||||
l0h26ma.m........ | 11 | 176 | .86 | 205 | 64 | 1.00 |
10 58 a.m........ | 11 | 175 | .80 | 218 | 66 | 1.05 |
11 42 a.m........ | 11 | 183 | .79 | 231 | 64 | 1.11 |
12 23 p.m........ | 13 | 177 | .82 | 217 | 64 | 1.05 |
lTaken at 9h55m a. m.
(Values per minute.) Water (11° C). 500 c.c.
Time. | Average respiration rate. | Carbon dioxide. | Respiratory quotient. | Oxygen. | Average pulse rate. | Heat (computed). |
Without food: | C.C. | C.C. | cals. | |||
Av. of 2 periods. .. | 13 | 207 | 0.85 | 243 | 62 | 1.18 |
Water:1 | ||||||
10h03ma.m........ | 13 | 198 | .80 | 247 | 64 | 1.19 |
10 33 a.m........ | 14 | 209 | .85 | 245 | 60 | 1.19 |
1Taken between 9h54m and 9h58m a. m.
 
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