A. L. L., April 19, 1906 (763 Grams Bananas And 99 Grams Sugar, With A Fuel Value Of 1,147 Calories)

In this second experiment with A. L. L. the amounts of bananas and sugar eaten were almost identical with those taken in the experiment of March 30,1906, but the observations continued for 12 hours instead of for 8 hours, as in the duplicate experiment. The results are given in table 113. The carbon-dioxide excretion remained above the basal value in all of the six periods, although the increases in the first two periods were the most striking. An increase in oxygen consumption was found in the first and second periods, with slight variations above or below the base-line in the following periods. The increase in heat production was very marked in the first three periods. A striking anomaly is a decrease of 25 calories in the last period, illustrating one of the defects of short-period determinations with this large calorimeter. The general picture with all three factors is a noticeable increase in the metabolism.

The total increases in these duplicate experiments do not give a wholly satisfactory comparison. Thus, in the experiment of March 30 there was an increase in the carbon-dioxide excretion of 56 grams, while in that of April 19 it was 74 grams. If the 7 grams increment noted in the last two periods of the experiment on April 19 be deducted, the increment for the first four periods would be 67 grams as compared with the 56 grams for the same period of time on March 30. In both experiments the oxygen increment appeared in the first period and was not far from the same in the two experiments. The increase in the heat production was 88 calories in the first experiment and but 72 calories in the second. If, however, the results of the last period of the second experiment be omitted, the increment would be 97 calories, or a little larger than that found in the first experiment. In general the two experiments may be said to be in fair agreement, as both indicate a noticeable rise in heat production following the ingestion of bananas and sugar.

Table 113 - A L. L., April 19, 1906. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Bananas And Sugar

Amounts, 763 grams bananas, 99 grams sugar; nitrogen, 1.58 grams; total energy, 1,160 cals. Fuel value: Total, 1,147 cals.; from protein, 3 p. ct.; from fat, 4 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 93 p. ct. Basal values: (February 7 to April 6, 1906): CO2, 47 grams; O2, 42 grams; heat, 148 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.71 gram per 2 hours (April 19, 1906).

H. R. D., April 21, 1906 (1,171 Grams Bananas And 103 Grams Sugar, With A Total Fuel Value Of 1,561 Calories)

This was the second experiment with the subject in which bananas and sugar were taken, the amounts being practically the same as those eaten on March 31, 1906. The observations in this experiment, however, continued for 2 hours longer than in the first experiment. The data are given in table 114. There was a noticeable increase in the carbon-dioxide production, even in the fifth period. Increments were also observed for both the oxygen consumption and the heat production. The respiratory quotients were high, but none of them were over 1. If we omit all of the values found for the last period, the results will be comparable with those obtained in the experiment of March 31 and not dissimilar. In the first experiment the increment for carbondioxide production was 73 grams, for oxygen consumption 30 grams, and for heat production 107 calories. In the second experiment the increase in carbon-dioxide excretion for the first four periods was 64 grams, for oxygen consumption 34 grams, and for heat production 116 calories. The nitrogen in the urine per 2 hours was very much greater in this experiment than in the first, averaging 1.23 grams for the first four periods as compared with 0.78 gram in the experiment of March 31.

Table 114 - H. R. D., April 21, 1906. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Bananas And Sugar

Amounts, 1,171 grama bananas, 103 grams sugar; nitrogen, 2.10 grams; total energy, 1,580 cals. Fuel value: Total, 1,561 cals.; from protein, 3 p. ct.; from fat, 4 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 93 p. ct. Basal values (February 6 to April 20, 1906): CO2, 47 grams; O2 42 grams; heat, 146 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.97 gram per 2 hours (April 21, 1906).

1Subject ate food in 36 minutes.

Table 115. - J. J. C, April 7, 1909. Sitting. (1-Hour Periods). Bananas And Sugar

Amounts, 648 grams bananas, 77 grams sugar; nitrogen, 1.34 grams; total energy, 974 cals. Fuel value: Total, 962 cals.; from protein, 4 p. ct.; from fat, 4 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 92 p. ct. Nitrogen in urine, 0.40 gram per hour. Basal values (April 7, 1909): CO2, 25.5 grams; O2, 21.5 grams; heat (computed), 72 cals.; respiratory quotient, 0.87. Nitrogen in urine, 0.38 gram per hour.

1Subject finished eating 28 minutes after the beginning of this period. The eating occupied 20 minutes.

J. J. C, April 7, 1909 (648 Grams Bananas, 77 Grams Sugar, With A Total Fuel Value Of 962 Calories)

The basal value for this experiment was obtained on the same day. The data given in table 115 record a striking increase in carbon-dioxide production for all of the periods, also an increase in oxygen consumption and heat production, the increment of the three factors being reasonably comparable. The respiratory quotients were high, reaching 1.02 in the second period. We have here, therefore, a distinct increase in the metabolism as measured not only by the respiratory exchange but by the heat production.

F. M. M., April 8, 1909 (611 Grams Bananas, 9 Grams Sugar, With A Total Fuel Value Of 655 Calories)

The results obtained in the three 1-hour periods indicate a considerable rise in carbon-dioxide production, oxygen consumption, and heat production, although the increment in the heat production in the last two periods was not very marked. (See table 116.) The respiratory quotients increased from 0.82 to 0.90 as the experiment progressed.

Table 116. - F. M. M., April 8, 1909. Sitting. (1-Hour Periods). Bananas And Sugar

Amounts, 611 grams bananas, 9 grams sugar; nitrogen, 1.26 grams; total energy, 666 cals. Fuel value: Total, 655 cals.; from protein, 5 p. ct.; from fat, 5 p. ct.; from carbohydrates, 90 p. ct. Nitrogen in urine, 0.51 gram per hour. Basal values (April 8, 1909): CO2, 23.5 grams; O2 20.5 grams; heat,1 79 cals.; respiratory quotient, 0.82. Nitrogen in urine, 0.39 gram per hour.

1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 2Subject finished eating 30 minutes after the beginning of this period. The eating occupied 18 minutes.