Several classes of small bolts and studs have collars or flanges near one end, or near the middle. For such studs, a shaping-block denoted by Fig. 209 is employed, together with another top tool having a recess similar to that in the bottom block.

The use of such blocks obviates the necessity of welding separate collars to the bolts, because the stud or bolt may be made of one single piece, which, in diameter, is equal to the diameter of the collar desired. When such a piece is used, it is first fullered in two places to produce the required collar between the two fullered recesses. After being thus roughly formed, it is again heated to about welding, and put between the top and bottom collar shapers; and, while between, a rapid hammering produces the shape required.

These collar shapers are used also for welding and shaping flange bolts when made of two pieces instead of only one, the collar being bent around the bolt as previously shown (Plate 8). In such cases, the collar is welded to the bolt by means of the usual hammering, while the work is between the shaping tools.

Cast iron or steel being used for these shapers, it is easy to shape the gaps to any form of flange that is required. If needful, the gaps may be made to produce four-sided flanges, and also four-sided bolts, instead of circular ones; but, whatever form of bolt is required, it is desirable to make the bottoms of the recesses smaller than the mouths or entrances, to prevent the bolt sticking in the block after being hammered into it. If the bottom of any such gap should be larger than the entrance, instead of smaller, or if any irregular hollows or holes in the block should exist, when newly cast, at the sides of the gap, the work after being hammered into it will remain in, securely dovetailed, until drilled out piece by piece.