One of the greatest essentials in the rearing of puppies, especially the case in large breeds, is sufficient exercise. Under no consideration, chain them, but allow almost absolute freedom of movement. If kept in a pen, have it large and so constructed that they can lie down or stand on all fours and look between the boards; for standing on their hind legs to look over, would invite weak backs and cow-hocks. The sleeping quarters should be kept scrupulously clean, frequently whitewashed, and free from draughts. In the warmer weather, pine shavings or sawdust is the best bedding; in the winter, clean straw, changed frequently.

In feeding puppies, their discharges should be watched, and the diet varied as the need manifests itself. Milk is one of the most important articles of food in the earlier weeks after weaning. It may be frequently given, some caution being used, however. It should be old or skimmed, never fed fresh from the cow. Three or four times a week, sour milk may be given, as it is an enemy to worms. It will be well to add limewater to sweet milk when used, in the proportion of nearly one-sixth part.

Sometimes when feeding milk freely to very young puppies, diarrhoea manifests itself. A change must at once be made to beef tea and broths, into which may be broken crackers or bread. Too great importance cannot be given to the early administration of meat, which must be fresh and lean. Unsound food should never be used in any form. Meat may be given raw or cooked, small quantities of the former at first, and when the age of three or four months is reached, let it be scraped or finely cut, and given after other food has been eaten.

Meat may be cooked alone or with vegetables, onions in small quantities being especially healthy and palatable, then removed, and in the liquor, oatmeal, Indian meal, or wheat middlings, be well boiled and thoroughly cooked. Then the meat can be chopped up and added with the crushed vegetables. Bice and pearl-barley may be given occasionally.

Liver, from its laxative action, must be given guardedly, if at all. Large bones may frequently be supplied, but beware of small bones that may possibly sliver, as many a valuable dog has been killed by them. Remember always the great secrets In feeding are - wholesome food and a variety in diet. Where only a few dogs are kept, the "scraps" from the table, from their varied nature, cannot be improved upon. Mix potatoes and other vegetables with a little gravy and small pieces of meat. Until six months old, feed three times a day, then twice daily until maturity is reached.

Remain with the pup while eating, and as soon as he turns from his food remove it at once. Never urge a dog to eat, if he shows from his manner a loss of appetite. Prepare something else and tempt him with it and if he still deolines, wait until his next regular time of feeding and try again.

As a rule, give as little medicine as possible to puppies. Probably the more common affection observed among them is indigestion in some form or other. As castor oil or syrup of buckthorn can do no harm, if an odor to the breath, a hot nose, sluggish manner, or disinclination to eat is noted, give either, and watch the discharges. If very offensive, or undigested matter appears in them, the cause is apparent. Stop all food for a time, and when next given, select only the simplest and most easily digested, milk and lime-water preferred.

Vegetables have a tendency to purify the blood and keep the bowels in good condition. When these cannot be given, other means should be employed in the form of a mild physic. It is a good plan to give a dose of sulphur, either alone or with powdered magnesia, if a laxative is needed, mixed with the food once or twice a week in summer, and less often in colder weather. Ordinary dose, one-half a teaspoonful of each.

Diarrhoea is usually the result of indigestion. Often nature's effort to throw off the disease, in many cases regulating the diet, will suffice; giving porridge made of boiled milk, and flour baked until slightly brown. If the attack is severe, first imitate nature by giving a dose of castor oil, it being desirable that the contents of the intestines be effectually removed, in order to prevent their continued passage over the inflamed surface, and to secure, as far as may be, that important end in the treatment of all inflam: mations, viz., quietude of the inflamed parts. Paregorio, as the simplest form of opiate, may then be given in one or two teaspoonful doses.

Worms are a common enemy to pups, and the giving of sour milk will do much to prevent their formation. Their presence may be suspected when bloating beyond the fulness that the food taken would be likely to produce. For worms in puppies three months old, give one or two grains of santonine in butter after having fasted twelve hours; follow this dose three hours later with one of castor oil.

Fleas are a constant source of annoyance. Washing young puppies is never admissible. Combing with a fine comb dipped in kerosene oil, or rubbing flea powder into the hair, are the means to be employed.