In kennelling, the primary essentials are, good ventilation, perfect cleanliness, dryness, and freedom from draughts.

Less sickness undoubtedly occurs when dogs are inured to climatic changes. Those animals accustomed to out-door kennels, are usually far healthier than those that are allowed the freedom of the house. Again when a disease like distemper attacks them, it runs a shorter and much less severe course; their natures, more elastic, seem to throw off the infirmities quicker.

In winter dogs suffer as much, if not more, from artificial heat than they do from exposure to intense cold. Many are allowed in houses and around the stoves during the day, and are kennelled out at night, or shut into a cold stable, thus experiencing the greatest extreme in temperature; a fruitful source of disease.

To kennel out and constantly keep in the open air, the coarser longhaired breeds, seem the wiser. Their houses should be carefully constructed, raised several inches from the ground, and the space beneath carefully boarded. These should, in winter, face the rising sun, and be provided with a glass front. The door may be hung on hinges, so that it can be opened by the dog from within or without, or it may be dispensed with, in which case a projection should be built around the door-way on the outside, to prevent rain from entering.

A room within a room in winter is the better. The inner or sleeping quarters can be easily constructed by partitioning off a part, leaving an opening as a passage for the animal, then laying a supplementary raised floor on which the bedding can be placed. This inner kennel can be rendered warm, snug, and free from all possible draughts, by covering the floor and sides with tarred paper.

Where dogs are housed at night in stables, barns, or large rooms, these same sleeping boxes should always be used in the colder weather.

The floors of the kennel should be covered with sawdust as it is the cheapest and cleanest. For bedding, straw in winter, and fine shavings in summer are preferred.

Cleanliness is of paramount importance. In this connection, the methods employed by the writer may be of interest. Every week in warm and cold weather alike, in his kennels, the sawdust and bedding are removed, the doors and windows closed, and the building purified by introducing a kerosene stove, and burning sulphur thereon. The walls, even the floors if necessary, are then thoroughly washed with lime, and if the weather is damp or very cold, the stove is again introduced and the white-wash dried. After all dampness is removed, the floors are covered with a disinfectant, lime and carbolic acid more often used, tarred paper then laid down, on it sawdust, and then the bedding. It is important where several dogs are kept, that they be provided with separate kennels, at least no more than two be allowed to remain together, as infections diseases are sometimes transmitted, in their earliest stages, and may become general before detection. This danger is especially great where the care of the animals is intrusted to servants.