The constitutional provision that Senators shall in each State be elected by the legislature thereof has, in a number of instances, been practically evaded by state laws or party regulations providing either that the people shall by popular vote indicate their choice for 'senators, such indication being in practice, if not legally, binding upon the members of the state legislature; or that each political party shall in a primary vote indicate its choice, which choice in effect binds the party's Representatives in the state legislature.41