The Circuit Courts of Appeal have appellate jurisdiction to review, by appeal or writ of error, final decisions of the district or circuit courts in all cases where direct appeal to Supreme Court is not granted, unless otherwise provided by law; and the judgments or decrees of the Circuit Courts of Appeal are final in all cases in which the jurisdiction is dependent entirely upon the opposite parties to the suit or controversy, being aliens and citizens of the United States or citizens of different states; also in all cases arising under the patent laws, under the revenue laws, and under the criminal laws, except capital cases and in admiralty cases, excepting that in every such subject within its appellate jurisdiction the Circuit Court of Appeals at any time may certify to the Supreme Court of the United States any questions or propositions of law concerning which it desires the instruction of that court for its proper decision. And thereupon the Supreme Court may either give its instruction on the questions and propositions certified to it, which shall be binding upon the Circuit Court of Appeals in such case, or it may require that the whole record and cause may be,sent up to it for its consideration, and thereupon shall decide the whole matter in controversy in the manner as if it had been brought there for review by writ of error or appeal.1 In any case made final in the Circuit Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court may require, by certiorari or otherwise, any such case to be certified to the Supreme Court for its review and determination with the same power and authority in the case is if it had been carried by appeal or writ of error to the Supreme Court.2 Appeals or writs of error may be taken from the district or circuit courts to the proper Circuit Court of Appeals in cases of conviction of an infamous crime not capital.3 The Circuit Courts of Appeal have the same appellate jurisdiction by writ of error or appeal over the judgments and decrees of the courts of the territories as they have over the judgments and decrees of the district and circuit courts.4 This provision also applies to the appellate courts of the Indian Territory, which is assigned to the eighth judicial circuit.5 The Circuit Courts of Appeal also have appellate jurisdiction in various bankruptcy

1 20 U. S. Stats., 828, Sec. 6, cl. 1. See Dower vs. Richards, 151 U. S., 658; United States vs. Tinsley, 25 U. S. App., 266; 73 Fed. Rep., 369; Robinson vs. Belt, 12 U. S. App., 431; 56 Fed. Rep., 328; Ries vs. Henderson, 42 U. S. App., 760; 78 Fed. Rep., 515; Isaacs vs. United States, 159 U. S., 487; Reagan vs. United States, 157 U. S., 301; Blitz vs United States, 153 U. S., 308; United States vs. Fowkes, 3 U. S. App., 247; 53 Fed. Rep., 13; United States vs. Coudert, 38 U. S. App., 515; 73 Fed. Rep., 505; Press Pub. Co. vs. Monroe, 164 U. S., 105; Rouse vs. Letcher, 156 U. S., 47; Hubbard vs. Soby, 146 U. S., 56; United States vs. American Bell Tel. Co., 159 U. S., 548; Hunt vs. United States, 166 U. S., 424; Columbus Watch Co. vs. Rob-bins, 148 U. S., 266.

2 26 U. S. Stats., 828, Sec. 6, cl. 2.

See Forsyth vs. Hammond, 166 U. S., 506; United States vs. Three Friends, 166 U. S., 1; American Const. Co. vs. Jacksonville, etc., Ry. Co., 148 U. S., 372; Panama Ry. Co. vs. Napier Shipping Co., 166 U. S., 280.

3 29 U. S. Stats., 492. See Stoke vs. United States, 23 U. S. App., 289; 60 Fed. Rep., 597.

4 26 U. S. Stats., 830, Sec. 15. See Aztec Mining Co. vs. Ripley, 10 U. S. App 383; 53 Fed. Rep., 7; Alexander vs. United States, 15 U. S. App., 158; 57 Fed. Rep., 828.

5 28 U. S. Stats., 698. Prior to 1895 appeals could be taken from all U. S. Courts in Indian Territory directly to circuit courts of appeal. This territory is now merged in the State of Oklahoma, proceedings,6 and from interlocutory orders relative to injunctions.7