Roman Candle

Number ...

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

'4

Sulphur ........

4

2

3

I

I

a

7

3

4

6

8

3

8

-

Charcoal ..

3

3

3

2

l

3

!

1

1

)

9

3

2

Nitre ...........

i

2

8

4

3

9

at

4

5

II

18

32

I

Meal powder ...

8

8

3

3

i

4

12

5

4

4

4

7

-

3

Rocket

Number ........

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

'4

Sulphur ........

1

I

12

4

8

4

a

4

2

2

1

8

1

Charcoal ...

4

2

17

5

11

7

4

8

12

8

2

2

27

2

Nitre ...........

8

5

50

,6

32

16

9

16

to

16

4

4

36

4

Meal powder ..

-

-

-

-

-

3

1

1

2

6

2

Steel-filings......

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

Bursting Fire

Number .........

1

2

3

Meal powder ...

1

1

8

Grain powder F.

-

1

-

Charcoal........

-

1

Starting Eire

Number.

1

2

Charcoal ..

1

1

Meal powder ...

8

16

Sulphur .........

-

4

Nitre ............

6

Wheel And Fixed Case

Number

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

'3

14

15

16,

MeaI powder........

8

24

8

36

18

8

12

4*

4

■6

|(

13

16

20

40

Sulphur

1

1

-

1

-

1

1

3

-

-

1

-

I

•

Charcoal............

1

4

1

4

I

-

-

-

-

Nitre ..................

2

_

a

?

1

8

-

a

-

1

-

Steel-filings .........

-

-

-

-

5

3

3

5

1

5

-

-

-

6

Vegetable black......

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

1

Realgar ...............

-

-

-

-

-

-

I

-

1

Litharge...............

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

3

Squib And Serpent

Number

1

2

3

Sulphur .........

1

-

-

Charcoal

I

1

-

Nitre ...

2

Meal powder ...

8

8

Steel-filings ...

-

-

1

Pinwheel

Number .....................

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Sulphur .....................

1

3

5

3

7

14

4

4

2

2

3

2

-

Nitre ........................

I

4

9

5

9

It.

i

4

5

2

3

3

-

Meal powder

2

9

15

8

2O

32

26

16

36

26

35

18

3

Sulphuret of Antimony..

-

-

-

-

1

3

I

Beech sawdust, fine ......

-

-

-

-

-

I

-

-

-

Oxalate of Soda...........

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

Litharge, fine.............,.

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

Orpiment, or Realgar ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

²

3

-

-

Vegetable black..........

-

-

-

-

-

I

2

-

-

Nitrate of Lead...........

~

-

-

-

-

-

_

3

I

Saxon

Number......

1

2

3

Sulphur ......

1

3

5

Nitre .........

1

4

9

Meal powder.

2

9

15

Five-Pointed Star

Number.....

I

2

Meal powder...

3

-

Sulphur ..

8

2

Nitre .....................

12

5

Sulphuret of Antimony

I

1

Spur-Fire, For Flower-Pots And Star-Candles

Number .........

1

2

3

4

Vegetable black....................

7

2

3

4

Sulphur ..........

14

5

4

16

Realgar, or Sulphuret of Arsenic

2

1

1

2

Nitre .................................

32

16

10

32

Meal powder .....

-

3

-

17

Charcoal ..........

-

-

-

4

Tourbillion

Number..............

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

'3

Sulphur...............

3

I

7

3

4

4

2

4

1

7

4

Nitre ........

4

5

16

10

8

32

17

.7

4

8

]

20

14

Charcoal ...

2

3

8

4

3

6

4

5

-

3

Meal powder .....

1

11

8

24

16

32

-

-

4

9

10

23

13

Steel-filings ....

-

-

i

6

5

-

-

-

2

Cast Iron Borings ...

-

-

-

-

8

6

8

3

4

7

14

5

Bengal Light

Number ............................

1

2

3

4

5

6

Sulphuret of Arsenic, Realgar, or Orpiment ....

1

1

2

1

-

-

Sulphuret of Antimony...........................

-

-

10

5

1

1

Minium, or Red Lead .................

l

1

-

-

Sulphur ........................................

4

2

6

3

4

2

Nitre ...............................

14

6

24

14

14

6

Blue Light

Number ..

I

2

Nitre ........................

12

5

Sulphur ....

4

3

Meal powder ....

3

-

Sulphuret of Antimony..

1

1

Wasp Light

Number...

1

Nitre ............

14

Sulphur .........

5

Meal powder ...

3

Realgar .........

1

Portfire

Number........

I

2

3

4

Meal powder .......

3

I

1

5

Sulphur .......

4

2

2

8

Nitre ............

12

4

4

25

Shell Fuse

Number...

I

Meal powder ...

4

Nitre ............

2

Sulphur .........

I

Gerbe

Number..............

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

ro

11

12

Sulpbur ..............

2

3

-

1

-

2

3

2

2

-

-

Nitre .................

2

2

-

-

10

6

4

9

4

-

-

Meal powder.........

16

36

4

8

16

-

9

16

2

2

8

3

Steel-filings...

1

6

-

Cast Iron Borings ...

5

8

3

8

7

5

5

•

-

-

Charcoal................

-

-

-

I

2

2

1

2

2

-

-

Coke grains ........

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

Porcelain grains......

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

Tailed, Streamer, Or Comet Stars, For Rockets, Shells, And Roman Candles

Number ...............

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Vegetable black .......

1

i

3

6

-

-

-

3

Charcoal ..................

1

8

2

3

1

3

6

12

2

Sulphur.....................

5

24

3

2

4

I

2

2

Nitre ......

5

24

9

-

8

9

10

30

9

Meal powder ...

8

30

6

16

-

30

5

7

6

Oxalate 0f Soda.........

-

-

-

4

12

-

-

-

Sulphuret of Antimony...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

Oiled Tailed Stars For Rockets And Shells

Number ...

1

2

3

Charcoal ........

9

6

2

Sulphur.....................

9

5

2

Nitre .....

32

18

9

Meal powder ...

24

12

5

Sulpharet of Antimony ..

16

9

4

To 1 ounce add twenty-four drops of boiled Unseed oil: rub them thoroughly together in a mortar; then spread out the mixture, for a few days, to dry. When dry, mix with starch, dextrine solution, or gum water, and chop into 3/8 or ½ inch cubical blocks.

Steel Stars For Rockets And Shells

Number ......

1

2

3

4

Nitrate of Lead......

8

24

28

-

Chlorite of Potash...

3

5

6

5

Charcoal ...

2

6

6

1

Sleet-filings .........

2

6

6

3

Nitre ..................

-

4

3

-

Shellac, fine .........

-

-

1

-

Sulphur, washed ...

-

-

-

1

Mix together on paper, damp with lac solution, and chop into cubical blocks. The composition may also be pumped into roman candle streamer stars.

Pearl Streamer

Number ....

I

2

3

4

5

Nitre ..........

12

26

2

_

-

Charcoal ......

5

11

1

-

-

Zinc-filings......

14

28

4

10

15

Meal powder..

-

-

I

8

12

Vegetable black

-

-

-

1

1

Gold Rain

Number ........

1

2

3

4

5

Sulphur ........

I

1

1

-

-

Nitre ............

2

2

2

-

-

Charcoal ...

6

1

5

1

3

Meal powder ...

16

6

18

4

8

Silver Rain

Number ...

1

2

3

4

Steel-filings ........

I

i

2

3

Meal powder...

4

7

8

-

Nitre .................

-

I

-

2

Sulphur ..............

-

-

I

-

Charcoal ...

-

-

-

3

Nitrate of Lead.....

-

-

-

10

White Or Bright Stars

Number .....

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

.0

12

Meal powder ..

3

3

-

1

1

1

I

1

3

-

-

-

Sulphur ......

4

6

4

2

3

2

2

1

11

5

7

-

Nitre .......

8

14

14

5

10

9

4

48

24

-

1

Sulphuret of Antimony.........

1

3

2

1

10

5

6

3

Sulphuret of Arsenic, Realgar

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

3

5

-

Minium, or Red Lead .

2

Nitrate of Lead.................

-

3

Chlorate of Potash ...........

-

28

Shellac .....

-

-

-

-

5

Sugar Blues For Stars And Lances

Number ....

1

2

3

4

s

6

7

8

9

Chlorate of Potash .........

8

36

10

40

36

9

44

40

6

Calomel ....

4

18

24

24

12

3

12

-

5

Sugar ..........................

3

12

9

12

4

1

12

9

4

Sulphuret of Copper........

5

22

22

12

4

1

12

9

4

Stearine .....

-

1

2

I

3

1

2

Oiychloride of Copper.....

-

-

-

3

4

2

5

-

Sal Ammoniac ..............

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

Copper-filing ....

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

No substance combines better with salts of copper, than sugar. Sugar, put into the bowl of a tobacco pipe, and placed in the fire, burns fiercely, and is converted into caramel. This, poured on to a plate, slightly smeared with butter, to prevent its sticking, hardens on cooling; and is used for colouring brandy, vinegar, gravy, porter, coffee, etc. Stearine must be scraped very fine from a composite candle.

Blue Stars And Lances Without Sugar

Number ......

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1

2

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Chlorate of

Potash . . . . .

5

40

18

40

6

8

48

4o

24

16

30

24

.

ax

40

6

16

24

5

40

40

Calomel ......

4

10

8

28

3

2

12

12

6

8

10

8

8

20

1

1

-

Sulpharet of

Copper . .

4

20

10

18

2

_

.

_

1

6

25

5

_

-

22

Shellac ......

I

5

_

-

_

2

2

1

_

-

1

-

-

5

-

-

1

-

-

5

-

Oxychloride of Copper..

-

2

_

_

-

_

8

9

6

5

0

4

1

2

_

_

2

_

1

1

-

Dextrine......

5

10

-

2

2

Sulphur . . .

-

-

-

3

4

4

-

1

2

3

a

3

5

-

-

4

2

I

a

5

5

Stearine ......

-

3

-

-

1

1

2

2

3

1

.1

Black Oxide of Copper..

_

1

1

1

Copper-filings

-

SalAmmoniac

-

6

6

Crimson And Scarlet Stars And Lances

Number ...

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

II

12

'3

14

15

16

17

18

19

30

21

33

Chlorate of Potash...

16

8

16

16

24

16

5

16

8

16

25

4

32

6

16

28.

32

36

06

8

8

Nitrate of Strontian

16

16

32

32

-

16

4

24

5

6

30

7

48

5

_

4*

10

72

18

12

Sulphur, washed...

5

6

12

6

5

2

_

.

_

10

1

6

5

44

-

2

Charcoal, fine ....

1

1

1

1

Shellac ...

-

4

2

2.

-

-

7

1

4

3

1

12

1

-

4

3

4

J

3

Calomel ...

-

7

-

6

1

-1

14

2

2

9

3

12

5

-

12

12

10

42

4

Sulphuret of Copper

.

3

1

.

-

_

1

1

1

3

1

_

,

_

4

1

4

1

-

_

Realgar, or Orpiment

_

_

1

1

1

1

_

Vegetable black ...

_

1

1

1

1

Loaf Sugar.

--

-

7

12

Carbonate of Strontian

-

-

-

10

11

5

It is impossible to powder shellac sufficiently fine, by hand; and, twenty years ago, it could not be procured. About that time the drug-grinders, finding a demand for it, submitted it to the action of the stamping mills, (mechanical pestle and mortar), and now it can be obtained at most shops. Chertier mixed it with salt; melted the two together; powdered the mixture; and washed out the salt. Such process is needless now. It is useless, unless as fine as wheaten flour. Page, of 47, Blackfriars Road; and Chubb, of 29, Old Street, St. Lukes, London, supply it. If powdered nitrate of barytes, and shellac crushed by being hammered in a bag, are mixed together, and melted in a pipkin, over the fire, the mixture, when cold, may be reduced to a powder in an iron mortar, with patience. Take Number 6. Weigh out 21 parts nitrate of barytes, and 2 parts of coarsely powdered lac; melt them together; when cold, powder them; and add the other substances in proper proportion. Shellac may be melted with nitrate of strontian, in the same way.

Green Or Emerald Stars And Lances

Number ......

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

ID

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Chlorate of

Potash......

16

8

132

32

144

8

1

1

16

6

1

16

3

48

24

108

16

Nitrate of Barytes ...

16

8

108

54

160

21

2

_

8

7

8

3

42

22

32

108

32

48

Chlorate of

Barytes ......

-

_

1

2

4

8

3

4

4

-

Sulphur, washed ...

5

4

6

6

4

7

1

1

1

5

-

_

1

_

_

.

10

18

8

Charcoal fine..............

1

1

_

_

_

1

1

_

1

Sulphuret of Antimony..

1

_

2

Calomel .....

-

-

48

37

100

5

9

a

3

-

10

-

48

-

8

Shellac .....

-

-

24

12

12

2

3

4

-

7

1

24

-

i

Vegetable black ......

_

_

1

1

1

_

_

_

.

_

_

_

_

.

.

I

_

-

I.oaf Sugar...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

-

-

2

7

14

-

-

-

-

Salammoniac

-

-

-

5

Orpiment, or Realgar ,,.

_

-

_

_

_

_

3

_

3

_

Sulphuret of Copper .....

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

2

Deep And Pale Yellow Stars And Lances

Number ....

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Chlorate of Potash ...

8

4

12

II

12

16

4

16

3

8

16

16

4

8

Oxalate of soda ....

3

2

8

4

4

4

3

-

4

4

5

-

I

-

Bicarbonate of Soda...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

.5

Nitrate of Strontian ...

-

-

-

20

-

-

16

4

-

-

Carbonate of Strontian

-

-

-

3

2

3

Nitrate of Barytes......

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

10

3

-

Sulphur, washed ......

-

-

4

4

4

1

2

-

6

5

-

-

Shellac .................

2

1

3

-

1

1

5

-

2

3

I

4

1

-

Stearine..................

-

-

_

-

-

1

-

-

I

Charcoal, fine ........

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

Orpiment, or Realgar.

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

sugar.......

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

3

Mauve And Lilac Stars And Lances

Number.................

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Chlorate of Potash ...

28

17

60

40

25

24

24

25

12

Calomel ..........

12

-

-

10

12

12

-

-

Shellac .............

4

-

-

5

5

5

-

-

Nitrite of Strontian ..

4

4

25

14

-

4

-

16

16

Sulphuict of Copper..

2

7

20

-

5

2

2

-

-

Stearine ........

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

Sulphur, trashed .....

7

35

16

12

2

Chloride of Lead .....

1

-

2

-

-

-

Nitrate of Lead........

-

-

-

10

-

12

1

-

Oiychloride of Copper

-

8

12

-

-

-

6

-

Solammoniac ........

-

1

--

-

-

-

-

Vegetable black........

-

1

-

-

-

1

1

Nitre ....................

-

-

2

-

-

-

2

1

Carbonate of Strontian

-

-

5

4

Orpiment, or Realgar

-

-

1

-

1

Purple And Violet Stars And Lances

Number ....

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Chlorate of Potash ..

42

28

48

16

6

16

3

6

36

96

24

Nitrate of Strontian...

42

1

48

4

1

24

-

Sulphur washed

13

28

3

6

3

2

Calomel ....

1

14

28

6

2

2

30

8

48

8

.Sulphuret of Copper..

4

1

40

i

1

3

-

5

1

-

Shellac .......

4

5

1

1

1

-

-

4

-

1

Vegetable black..

I

-

-

-

-

-

Black Oxide of Copper

-

_

-

4

4

1

-

-

Carbonate of Strontian

-

-

-

4

-

-

Sugar ...................

14

-

42

Oxychloride of Copper

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

Stearinc ..................

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

Magnesium Colours For Stars And Asteroids

Colours.

Crimson.

Scarlet.

Green. Bloc.

Yellow.

White

Nitrate of Strontian ...

8

6

_

_

-

-

ChlorateofBaryl.es ...

-

-

12

-

-

- ]

Oxychloride of Copper

-

-

-

2

-

-

Oxalate of Soda ......

-

_

-

-

2

-

Sulphuret of Antimony

1

Chlorate of Potash ...

2

4

-

5

4

-

Nitre ....

-

-

-

-

-

12

Sulphur ....

2

2

I

2

-

4

Charcoal ....

I

-

-

-

-

Shellac ..................

2

3

I

1

Calomel ...

4

-

2

-

-

Magnesium-filing...

2

3

2

2

1

2

Slow Fires, To Be Heaped Upon A Tile In Shape Of A Cone, And Lit At Top

Colours.

Red

Green.

Purple

Yellow

Nitrate of Strontian ...

16

24

108

.

-

108

72

20

Nitrate of Barytes......

-

-

16

16

16

_

-

10

Oxalate of Soda ......

_

.

_

-

-

_

_

-

3

5

Sulphuret of Copper...

3

30

-

-

24

3

-

-

Chlorate of Barytes ...

-

-

-

-

_

12

_

-

-

-

Chlorate of Potash ,.

I

3

12

1

I

_

9

4

a

Charcoal, fine .....

1

-

-

I

Calomel ...

6

24

5

9

24

18

-

-

Sulphur, washed .....

4

I

39

4

7

39

24

4

1

Shellac ............

-

I

2

2

1

2

3

2

6

Vegetable block........

-

-

1

-

-

1

2

-