Upland Burnet, or Po-tcrium sanguisurca, L. is likewise a native plant, and by some called the Common Garden Burnet, though it grows wild in a dry calcareous soil. It has fibry perennial roots, and retains its leaves throughout the year, but the stalks are annual; it has long been cultivated as a choice salad-herb in winter and spring. The leaves, being of a warm nature, are also used in cool tankards, and for im-parting an agreeable flavour to wine. When bruised, they smell like cucumber.

With respect to the more or less profitable culture of this plant, the opinions of practical farmers are divided. At the head of those who have discouraged the introduction of this grass, are the late eminent botanist, Mr. Miller, and Dr. James Anderson, one of the most skilful and celebrated writers on agriculture. The former asserts, in his Dictionary, that the plants are left uneaten by the cattle when the grass about them has been cropt to the roots ; that in wet winters, and in strong lands, the plants are of short duration; and that the produce is insufficient to tempt any person of skill, to engage in its culture : the latter, in. his Essays on Agriculture, also af-firms, that the produce of burnet is too email to be worth cultivating. On the other hand, we meet with several authorities by whom the upland burnet is strongly recommended as proper food for cattle, on account of its partaking of the nature of evergreens, and growing almost as quickly in winter as in summer.

For the first introduction of this plant into arable fields, we are indebted to Bartholomew ROCQUE an honest farmer of Walham Green, near London; who, iN March, 1/61, sowed six pounds of the seed upon half an acre of ground, with a quarter of a peck of spring-wheat 5 but the seed be-ing very bad, it came up but sparing) v. Not discouraged by this failure, he sowed two other pounds in the beginning of June, upon about six rood of ground, which he mowed in the beginning of August, and at Michaelmas transplanted them on about twenty rood of ground, at the distance of one foot each way, taking care not to bury the heart. These plants bore two crops of seed in the following year ; the first about the middle of June, and the second about the middle of September. In the second year, also, two good crops of seed were produced. As it could not be cut after September, helet it stand till the next year, when it sheltered itself, and grew very well through the winter, except during a hard frost, when it, nevertheless, remained green. In March, it covered the ground, and was fit to receive cattle. It may be mown three times in one summer, just before it begins to flower. From six rood of ground, he obtained 1150 pounds at the first cutting of the third year ; and was enabled to sell, in autumn 1763, no less than three hundred bushels of the seed ! The next authority is that of the Rev. Davies Lambe, Reef or of Ridley, in Kent, whose letter to Dr. Templeman, the first Secretary to the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, etc. is dated December 10, 1765. From the particulars of his statement it appears, that one acre of land, at two mowings, produced ten quarters of seed, and three loads of hay; that burnet-straw is a very useful fodder for horses, calves, cows, and sheep; and that the chaff is also valuable, when mixed with any other, for feeding cattle of every description. Mr. Lambe is fully persuaded, that burnet will prove a very great acquisition to husbandry, on many accounts 5 but more particularly for the following reasons: It is a good winter pasture, consequently it will be of great service to the farmer, as a constant crop he may depend on, and that without any expence for seed or tillage, after the first sowing ; whereas turnips are precarious and expensive; and when they fail, the farmer is very often put to great inconveniencies to keep his stock. It never blows or hoves cattle, and will flourish upon poor light sandy, stoney, or chalky land. After the first year, it will weed itself, and be kept clean at little or no expence.

The cultivation of burnet is neither hazardous nor expensive: if the land be prepared, as is generally done for a crop of turnips, there is no danger of any miscarriage. It very frequently happens, that every farmer, who sows many acres with turnips, finds several of them produce little or nothing; the fly, the dolphin, the black caterpillar, the dry weather, or some unknown cause, often defeating the industry and expence of the most skilful husbandman. When this happens, as is too often the case, it is advisable to sow burnet, and in March and April following, he will have a fine pasture for his sheep and lambs.

Mr. W. Pitt, a respeftable far - mer of Pendeford, Staffordshire, when speaking of the culture of the upland burnet, informs us, that one of his neighbours has observed in it this valuable property as a meadow-grass, that it preserves the hay from over-heating in the stack; and that the hay of a meadow in his possession, which contains naturally a considerabie portion of this grass, always comes from the stack of a fine fresh green colour, while his other hay, withou this tills plant, was overheated, and turn out quite brown. The plant itself makes very good hay: and, even after threshing out the seed, is eaten as eagerly by horses as the best clover-hay, but is less luxuriant in its growth than the bfoad red clover; the produce per acre not exceeding two-thirds of that obtained from the last mentioned vegetable, in the same field.

T. Le Blanc, Esq. of Caven-ham, Suffolk, sowed in October, 1782, a space several perch square, with burnet-seed and rye, being a part of 100 acres laid down to ryegrass, trefoil, and white clover; the soil was a blowing sand upon a chalk bottom, worth about 3s. 6d. per acre. It was folded for the rye. A flock of between six and seven hundred sheep were turned in on the 5th of April, 1784. The grasses were, in general, backward, but the burnet, in its growth much more forward than the rest. For the first two or three days, the sheep did not eat it at all; a fortnight after, he viewed it again, and found the burnet eaten to the ground. On examining it again, June 4th, it was pared close. When a flock has so large a range as 100 acres, and eat up the growth of any small spot so clean, it is a far more satisfactory proof that they have no dislike to the plants growing there, than if they were confined to a small field with no other herbage.

In the second volume of Dos-sie's Memoirs of Agriculture, Mr. Barber asserts, that burnet improves land from six shillings to one pound per acre; and though sheep do not like it at first, they will at length relish it: he also supposes, it prevents the rot in these animals;

For the more successful culture of burnet, we shall point out the following concise directions, being the result of B. ROQUE's experience, whom we have mentioned as its first cultivator in England : 1. Although it flourishes on stony and gravelly, as well as in strong lands free from water, yet it will succeed better on a dry soil: nor will it thrive on grounds newly broken up which are best seasoned with potatoes. 2. It may be sown in April, May, June, July and August, and will appear above ground in about eight or nine days. 3. The soil should be worked very fine with a harrow, and rolled ; twelve pounds of seed are sown to an acre, when it should be slightly harrowed and rolled again. 4. The first year it must be kept very clean ; and in the next, it will become strong enough to choak all other grasses, for no drought stints it, and no frost destroys it. 5. As the seed sheds, when ripe, it should be cut in the morning while the dew is upon it, and threshed the same, or the next day : those who wish to save the seed, should feed the grass till May, as otherwise it will be too rank, and lodge; in a green state, it is heavier than any other pasture-grass. 6. If two horses are allowed to an acre, it will grow faster than they can eat it: the first crop purges them as effectually as the strongest physic; which, however, is the case only for three days. Mr. Rocque also affirms, that he kept a horse entirely on burnet; that it cures these animals of the distemper called the grease, but that this effect is produced only by the first crop ; and that he recovered one, which was considered as incurable by any other means.

Lastly, it deserves to be noticed, that burnet increases the quantity of milk in cows, and produces good butter :—it is likewise maintained, that the mutton of sheep fed on it, is more juicy, better coloured, and flavoured, than that from any other food ; while it not only cures the rot in sheep, but also recovers such as have scowered.