The word Khedive signifies lord.

Quebec is termed the Gibraltar of America.

Bismarck was called the " Boot of Prussia."

The life of Napoleon III. was attempted six times.

Potsdam has been called the Versailles of Prussia.

Byron terms the era of Napoleon I. the age of bronze.

El Almirante, without any proper name, refers to Columbus.

Washington first called New York State "the seat of empire."

The Greek Herodotus, 450 B. c., is called the Father of History.

James I. of England was termed the Wisest Fool in Christendom.

The ' third house" of a legislature is a term applied to the lobby.

Machiavelli is spoken of by the Florentines simply as "II segretario."

The so-called Paradise of Europe is the valley of the Arno, in Tuscany.

Pandours were the fierce, irregular troops of Austria some fifty years ago.

Knight service in feudal times was held to amount to forty days per year.

The Rubicon was a small stream that divided cis-alpine Gaul from Italy.

In recent European history the term fourth estate applies to the press.

The younger squirearchy of Prussia are what constitute the"Yunker" party.

To Patrick Henry we owe the phrase, "give me liberty or give me death."

The term "nation of shopkeepers" was applied to England by Napoleon.

Orange is a petty principality in Avignon, owned by the Nassau family.

Mehemed Ali, pacha of Egypt (1760-1841), was the "Napoleon of the East."

Khaled, Mahommed's lieutenant, was called by Orientals the "Sword of God."

Emancipation of slaves took place in all Britain's colonies on August 28, 1833.

Shah is but an abbreviation of the larger title Shah-in-Shah, King of Kings.

"Well-beloved" was a title given to a most licentious king, Louis XV. of France.

Dibdin's famous sea songs were written to promote loyalty in the British navy.

There are ten republics in South America and two in North - Europe has only two.

The French King Clovis (481-511) was the first entitled Eldest Son of the Church.

Mossbacks is defined as a sobriquet for the remnants of the antebellum Democracy.

Jayhawkers was a name for guerillas or bushrangers during the Kansas troubles of 1856.

Frederick I., emperor of Germany (1121-1152), was the one called Barbarossa (Red-beard).

It was the first Napoleon who said "there is but one step from the sublime to the ridiculous."

The States of the Church are often referred to, since 1077 a. d., as the Patrimony of St. Peter.

Monsieur de Paris was a name given to the public executioner during the French Revolution.

"There is a higher law than the Constitution" is a phrase from one of W. H. Seward's speeches.

Black Watch was a name given to the forty-second regiment (Highlanders) of British infantry.

The Sailor King was a name applied to William IV. of England. He had served long in the navy.

The Kings of Muscovy, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Hungary all became Christians in 990 a. d.

In Germany the term "reptile bureaucracy" applies to certain journalists in receipt of government pay.

Great universities date from: Paris, 1109; Oxford, 1150; Cambridge, 1209; Glasgow, 1450; Dublin, 1591.

Mrs. O'Leary's cow is the famous animal that is believed to have started the great Chicago fire of 1871.

A yellow flag denotes quarantine; a black flag indicates a pirate; a red flag, defiance; a white flag, truce.

The "Terror" applied to the period in French history (1793-1794) just prior to the death of Robespierre.

It is 440 years since the Christian church of Santa Sophia became the chief Mahommedan mosque of the Turks.

Panslavism means the union of all the Slavic nations into one: Russia, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia, Bulgaria, etc.

The " Iron" crown of Lombardy, now held by Humbert of Italy, is in reality a splendidly bejewelled golden crown.

There is no Emperor of Germany; the true title is either German Emperor or "Emperor of the German Kingdoms."

"The Primrose League" of England was founded in 1883, in memory of Earl Beaconsfield. It has now 1,000,000 members.

The Covenanters were Scotchmen who bound themselves together in 1638 and took up arms to resist the introduction of the Episcopalian liturgy into the Scottish Church.

Court Jesters were persons who were kept in the households of princes and lesser dignitaries to furnish amusement by their real or affected folly, and hence commonly called Court Fools.

Condottieri are bands of mercenaries, ready to serve under any leader. They were common in Europe during the middle ages and took a considerable part in the endless feuds of the Italian states.

The Chambre Ardente was an extraordinary French tribunal which frequently sentenced to death " by fire." It was used to investigate poisoning cases after the execution of the Marchioness of Brinvilliers.

The round table is the subject of one of the legends in connection with King Arthur, who, it is said, dined at a circular table capable of seating 150 of his bravest followers, termed Knights of the Round Table.

Vinegar will not split rocks, so Hannibal could not thus have made his way through the Alps. Nor will it dissolve pearls, so that the story of Cleopatra drinking pearls melted in vinegar must have been a fiction.

The original Electors of Germany, who chose the Kaiser, were the king of Bohemia, duke of Saxony, margrave of Brandenburg, count palatine of the Rhine, and the archbishops of Mayence, Treves and Cologne.

Dacoits are robbers of Northern India and Burmah, who make raids in armed bands. They gave great trouble to the occupying force in the annexation of Burmah, but have practically been exterminated by the British army.

The Dannebrog is the oldflag of the Danes, and also the name of an order of knighthood said to have been instituted in 1219. The jewel is a copy of the flag: a white enameled gold cross, suspended by a white ribbon edged with red.