2875. Common Oil Varnish

2875.    Common Oil Varnish. Resin, 3 pounds; drying oil, 1/2 gallon; melt together, and add, when removed from the fire, 2 quarts warm oil of turpentine.

2876. Oil Copal Varnish

2876.    Oil Copal Varnish. Pale hard copal, 2 pounds; fuse, add hot drying oil, 1 pint; boil as before directed, and thin with oil of turpentine, 3 pints, more or less, as found necessary. Very pale. Dries hard in 12 to 24 hours.

2877. Best Pale Carriage Varnish

2877.    Best Pale Carriage Varnish. Pale African copal, 8 pounds, fuse, and add clarified linseed oil, 21/2 gallons ; boil till very stringy, then add dried copperas and litharge, of each 1/4 pound; boil as before directed, thin with oil of turpentine, 51/2 gallons; mix while hot with the following varnish, and immediately strain the mixture into a covered vessel: Gum anime, 8 pounds; clarified linseed oil, 21/2 gallons; dried sugar of lead aud litharge, of each 1/4 pound; boil as before, thin with oil of turpentine, 51/2 gallons, and mix it while hot with the last varnish as above directed. Dries in 4 hours in summer and 6 in winter. Used for the wheels, springs, and carriage parts of coaches and other vehicles, and by house painters, decorators, etc., who want a strong, quick-drying, and durable varnish.

2878. Ordinary Carriage Varnish

2878.      Ordinary Carriage Varnish. Sorted gum anime, 8 pounds; clarified oil, 3 gallons; litharge, 5 ounces; dried and powdered sugar of lead and white copperas, of each 4 ounces; boil as last, and thin with oil of turpentine, 51/2 gallons.

2879. Amber Varnish

2879. Amber Varnish. Amber, 1 pound; pale boiled oil, 10 ounces; turpentine, 1 pint. Render the amber, placed in an iron pot, semi-liquid by heat; then add the oil, mix, remove it from the fire, and, when cooled a little, stir in the turpentine. Or: To the amber, melted as above, add 2 ounces of shellac, and proceed as before. This varnish is rather dark, but remarkably tough. The first form is the best. It is used for the same purposes as copal varnish, and forms an excellent article for covering wood, or any other substance not of a white or very pale color. It dries well, and is very hard and durable.

2880. Black Amber Varnish

2880.     Black Amber Varnish. Amber, 1 pound; boiled oil, 1/2 pint; powdered asphaltum, 6 ounces; oil of turpentine, 1 pint. Melt the amber, as before described, then add the asphaltum, previously mixed with the cold oil, and afterwards heated very hot; mix well, remove the vessel from the fire, and, when cooled a little, add the turpentine, also made warm. Each of the above two varnishes should be reduced to a proper consistence with more turpentine if it bo required. The last form produces the beautiful black varnish used by the coachmakers. Some manufacturers omit the whole or part of the asphaltum, and use the same quantity of clear black resin instead, in which case the color is brought up by lampblack reduced to an impalpable powder, or previously ground very fine with a little boiled oil. The varnish made in this way lacks, however, that richness, brilliancy, and depth of blackness imparted by asphaltum.