2334. Anti-Incrustation Powders, etc., for Boilers

2334.      Anti-Incrustation Powders, etc., for Boilers. Regarding incrustation powders in use, Professor Chandler makes the following suggestions and recommendations: Incrustation powders, bearing generally the names of their proprietors, are extensively advertised and sold; they are either worthless or are sold at such extravagant prices as to make their use extremely ill-advised. I have examined several of them. Those which are at all valuable consist of one or more of the substances already mentioned, and the only novel result of their use is the payment of many times the commercial value for a fair article. One which is put up in tin boxes, containing about one pound, at $2.50 each, contains carbonate of lime, 95.35 parts ; carbonate of magnesia, 0.67 parts; and oxide of iron, 4.15 parts. It differs little from some of the incrustations in composition, and is of no value whatever. Another contains logwood, 75.00 parts; chloride of ammonia,

15.00 parts; chloride of barium, 10.00 parts. This is a very good article, but at the price for which it is sold it cannot be used in quantities sufficient to produce much effect. In fact, chloride of barium is too expensive to be used in this country at all.

2335. To Guard Against Incrustation in Boilers

2335.     To Guard Against Incrustation in Boilers. Professor Chandler recommends the following precautions: The use of the purest waters that can be obtained, rain water wherever possible. Frequent use of the blow-off cock. That the boilers never be emptied while there is fire enough to harden the deposit. Frequent washing out. Experiments on the efficacy of zinc, lime-water, carbonate of soda, carbonate of baryta, chloride of ammonium, some substance containing tannic acid, linseed meal, and the electromagnetic inductor.

2336. Management of the Water to Prevent Boiler Incrustation

2336.    Management of the Water to Prevent Boiler Incrustation. Blowing off'. The frequent blowing off of small quantities of water, say a few gallons at a time, is undoubtedly one of the most effective and simple methods for removing sediments and preventing their hardening on the sides of the boiler. The water entering the boiler should be directed in such a way as to sweep the loose particles toward the blow-off cocks, that when these are open they may be carried out with the water. This blowing off should take place at least two or three times daily, perhaps much oftener.

2337. Incrustation in Boilers

2337.    Incrustation in Boilers. The only effectual remedy is to blow out frequently. Blow out once a week at least ten per cent, of the water in the boilers. It should be done while the water is at rest, that is, before starting in the feed water. A practical engineer says: Our boilers were badly incrusted. We loosened the scale with chisels and kerosene oil, and after running them a year as above, they came out as clean and bright as could be.

2338. Scale in Boilers

2338.     Scale in Boilers. A practical engineer recommends the following: Get some cow or ox feet, just as they are cut off in the slaughter house, put them in a wire net fine enough to detain the small bones from getting from the boiler into the blow-off pipe. Use 5 of the feet to a 6-horse power boiler, and no further trouble with scale in the boilers will be experienced. They must be replaced every two or three months, according to the quality of the water. They do not make the water foam.