Julius First, a German orientalist of Jewish descent, born at Zerkowo, in the grand duchy of Posen, May 12, 1805, died in Leipsic, Feb. 9, 1873. He studied at Posen and Breslau, and in 1839 became lector at the university of Leipsic, and in 1804 professor. His historical, critical, and lexicographical works are numerous and widely used; the principal of them are: Lehrgebuude der aramuischen Idiome (1835); Concordantioe Librorum Sacrorum Veneris Testamenti Hebraicoe et Chaldaicoe (1837-'40); Hebruisches urd chalduisches Schulwbrter-buch (1842), expanded as Hebrdisches und chal-ddisches Handuorterbuch (1857-"61), and translated into English by Davidson (London, 1865-'6); Geschichte der biblischen Literatur und des judisch-hellenischen Schriftthums (2 vols., 1867-70); and Der Kanon des alten Testaments nach den Ueberlieferungen in Talmud und Midrasch (1868). He also published Cul-tur- und Literaturgeschichte der Juden in Asien (1849); Bibliotheca Judaica (3 vols., 1849-'63); Geschichte des Karderthums (2 vols., 1802-'5); and Das peinliche Rechtsverfahren im judischen Alterthume (1870). From 1840 to 1851 he edited Der Orient.- His son Livius (born in Leipsic, May 27, 1840) is a physician, and author of Das Murchen von den sieben Raben (1864) and Dornroschen (1865).