Jean Joseph Gaume, a French author, born at Fuans, Doubs, in 1802, died March 22, 1869. He received holy orders at an early age, was appointed in 1827 professor of theology in the seminary of Nevers, and became successively director of that institution, canon of the cathedral, and vicar general. He is chiefly known as having led in the vehement opposition to the teaching of the pagan classics, which arose in France on the publication of his Le ver rongeur des societes modernes (Paris, 1851). In this work he traces all the social evils of the last 400 years to the revival of pagan art and literature. In the angry controversy which ensued, he was successfully opposed by Bishop Dupanloup. In 1852 appeared Lettres a Mgr. Dupanloup sur le paganisme dans Veducation. In furtherance of his idea that no Latin or Greek authors should be read in the schools save such as are posterior to the 4th century, he began forthwith to issue Bibliotheque des classiques Chretiens, latins et grecs (30 vols. 12mo, Paris, 1852-'5), and Poetes et prosateurs profanes completement expurges (2 vols., 1857). He was made a knight of St. Sylvester in 1841 by Gregory XVI., and a prothonotary apostolic by Pius IX. in 1854. Of his many other works, the most important are: Catechisme de perseverance (8 vols. 8vo, 1838; abridgment, 18mo, 20th ed., 1864, translated into English); Ilis-toire de la societe domestique chez tous les peuples (2 vols., 1844); and Les trois Rome (4 vols., 1848).