Ganjam, a town of India, in the district of the same name, presidency of Madras, on the left bank of the river Rosikoila, just above its entrance into the bay of Bengal, 168 m. N. E. of Vizagapatam. It was formerly the capital of the district, had harbor fortifications, and was noted for its fine public buildings, houses, and gardens; but in 1835 it was desolated by a fever, and since then it has been almost deserted and falling to decay. Still it has several cotton factories and carries on a considerable trade.-The district, one of the five formerly called the Northern Circars, has an area of 6,400 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 1,487,227. The coast is bold and rocky, with no large harbors, succeeded by a wide sandy plain extending to a range of hills. The rivers are all dry in the summer, and the district is sometimes visited by severe drought and famine; in 1866 nearly half the population was lost from this cause. The staple productions are rice, maize, sugar cane, millet, pulse, oil seeds, wax, lac, gums, dyestuffs, arrowroot, and cotton.