Foggia. I. Also called Capitanata, a province of southern Italy, bounded N. and E. by the Adriatic, and bordering on the provinces of Bari, Potenza, Avellino, and Campobasso; area, 2,955 sq. m.; pop. in 1872, 319,164. It comprises the three districts of Bovino, Fog-gia, and San Severo The Gargano peninsula forms in the southern part the gulf of Man-fredonia, on which opens the vast plain of Foggia. The Gargano range extends over 800 sq. m. on the S. E. side of the province, and the branches of the main Apennines rise on the S. W. Between the barren mountainous regions are exceedingly fertile valleys. The chief rivers are the Ofanto, Fortore, Candela-ro, Cervaro, and Carapella. The vine and the olive are extensively cultivated, and among the other products are grain, tobacco, licorice, hemp, and flax. The breeding of cattle, particularly of sheep, is extensively pursued.

II. A city, capital of the province, in the plain of Apulia (La Puglia), 80 m. N. E. of Naples, connected by rail with Ancona, Naples, and Bari; pop. in 1872, 38,138. It is well built, with wide clean streets, handsome houses and gateways, but no walls. It has about 20 churches, a cathedral originally Gothic, but rebuilt in a different style after its partial destruction by an earthquake in 1731, several antiquities, a public library, and a theatre. The main streets and public squares are undermined by capacious vaults called fosse, in which quantities of grain are stored from year to year. There are many schools, including one of agriculture and a seminary for girls. The city is surrounded by fine plantations and vineyards, but the climate is unhealthy. It has a considerable trade in cattle, cheese, capers, wine, oil, and other agricultural products, and is a staple market for corn and wool. One of the principal fairs in the kingdom is held here in May. Foggia is supposed to have been founded about the 9th century, and peopled from the ancient Arpi or Argyrippa, 5 m. distant, the ruins of which are still visible. It was one of the favorite residences of the emperor Frederick II., who built a palace here in 1223. A gateway of this palace and a large well sunk by Frederick still remain.

Under the walls of the city, Manfred, Frederick's natural son, defeated the legate of Pope Innocent IV. and compelled him to sue for peace. Charles I. of Anjou built a fortified palace here, in which he and his son Philip died.