Alessandro Gavazzi, an Italian preacher and political agitator, born in Bologna in 1809. He joined the order of the Barnabites in 1825, and afterward officiated as professor of rhetoric at Naples. He was in Rome at the outbreak of the revolution in Lombardy in 1848, delivered in the Pantheon a funeral oration on those who had fallen in that struggle, and made passionate appeals in behalf of the independence of Italy. The pope appointed him almoner of the Roman legion which was despatched to Vicen-za, and he was called by the people the Pietro Eremita, or Peter the Hermit, of the national crusade. In Venice he addressed immense crowds in St. Mark's place, and thus gained means for furthering the movement. Pius IX., however, alarmed at the spread of the revolution, recalled his troops to Rome. Gavazzi repaired to Florence, and, after his expulsion from that city, to Genoa; but he was recalled to Bologna, where he was received with great enthusiasm by the people who had risen against the papal government. He was appointed by the republican government chaplain in chief of the army, and after the French occupation of Rome (July, 1849) he found an asylum in England, and subsequently lectured in Great Britain, the United States, and Canada, against the church and government of Rome. In 1851 he published in London his Life, Sermons, and Lessons." He afterward returned to Italy, and in 1860 accompanied the expedition of Garibaldi to Sicily. In 1870 he again visited Great Britain, and in 1873 he solicited funds in the United States for the maintenance of Protestant churches in Italy.