Soliman

See Solyman.

Solingen

Solingen, a town of Rhenish Prussia, near the Wupper, 12 m. S. E. of Diisseldorf; pop. in 1871, 14,040. It contains a Catholic and two Protestant churches, a synagogue, a superior school, and a chamber of commerce. It has for centuries been celebrated for its manufacture of sword blades and other cutlery, and iron and steel ware. There are in and around Solingen more than 2,700 establishments, employing about 10,000 persons.

Solmization

Solmization, in singing, the application to the seven notes of the musical scale of the syllables ut (or do), re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, to enable the singer to acquire full command of the vowel sounds. (See Music, vol. xii., p. 76).

Solomon

See Hebrews, vol. viii., p. 586.

Solomon Alexander Hart

Solomon Alexander Hart , an English painter of Jewish descent, born in Plymouth in April, 1806. He commenced his career by painting miniatures, but in 1828 turned his attention to historical subjects, and at once achieved a reputation by some scenes from the Jewish ceremonial. He next painted scenes from Scott and Shakespeare, and again, between 1845 and 1850, recurred to Jewish subjects. He has also shown a strong partiality for subjects illustrating the ceremonials of the Roman Catholic church. In 1840 he became an academician, and in 1854 succeeded Leslie as professor of painting in the royal academy, to which in 1865 he was appointed librarian.

Solomon Ben Gabirol

Solomon Ben Gabirol (properly perhaps Solomon ben Judah ben Gabirol, and popularly Gabirol), a Jewish philosopher and poet, born in Malaga, Spain, about 1020, died in Valencia or Ocafia about 1075. Almost all that is known of his life is that he lived for a time in Saragossa, and was intimate with Samuel Hallevi. As a Hebrew poet he immortalized himself by his Kether malhhutJi (" Crown of Royalty "), a didactic hymn on the cosmos, which has been incorporated in the Jewish liturgy. His philosophical works he wrote in Arabic, and only incomplete Hebrew translations of them are extant. His " Source of Life," in which he appears as a bold Aristotelian, is cited by Albertus Magnus and other medieval Christian philosophers, the name of the author appearing in the corrupt forms of Avicebron, Avencebrol, etc, derived from the Arabic Aben Gebrol. The identity of the names has but recently been established. - See Munk, Melanges de philosophic juive (Paris, 1857).

Solomon Ben Isaac

Solomon Ben Isaac, rabbi, erroneously sur-named YARHI or Jarchi, and generally known under the abbreviation RASHI (the initials of the Hebrew Rabbi Shelomoh Yitz'haki), a Jewish commentator of the Bible and Talmud, born in Troyes, France, about 1040, died there, July 13, 1105. His comments on the Talmud have never been excelled, and they accompany all editions of the text. Those on the Bible have been translated into Latin by Breithaupt (3 vols., Gotha, 1710-14). A German translation of the commentary on Genesis was made by Hayman (Bonn, 1833), and one of the whole Pentateuch by Lucas (Prague, 1833-'8).