Saarbruck, Or Saarbrucken

Saarbruck, Or Saarbrucken, a town of Rhenish Prussia, 40 m. S. E. of Treves, on the Saar, which here becomes navigable; pop. in 1871, 7,686. A bridge connects the town with the suburb Sanct-Johann (pop. 9,143). There are Catholic and Protestant churches, and a palace, once the residence of the princes of Nassau-Saarbrück. The town is an important centre of the coal trade, the adjoining mines producing in 1871 upward of 60,000,000 quintals and employing about 15,000 persons. Saarbrück was bombarded by the French, under Gen. Frossard, on Aug. 2, 1870, in the presence of Napoleon III., who reported that his son there received the " baptism of fire;" but four days afterward the French, intrenched on the Spichern heights, were defeated by the Germans.

Saardam, Or Zaandam

Saardam, Or Zaandam, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of. North Holland, at the junction of the Zaan with the Y, 5 m. N. W. of Amsterdam; pop. in 1867, 12,341. It is surrounded by hundreds of windmills, some of them of enormous size, used for grinding corn, and for making oil and paper. Peter the Great of Russia worked here in disguise as a ship carpenter for a short time in 1697, and the house where he lived was bought by the late queen of Holland, a sister of Alexander I., who had a marble tablet placed over the chimneypiece. The celebrated ship yards have almost all disappeared.

Saba

See Arabia, vol. ii., p. 620, and Sheba.

Sabaeans

See Sheba.

Sabaism

Sabaism (Ar. tzaba, to rise in splendor, as a star; Heb. tzeba hashshamayim, the host of heaven, the stars, tzebaoth, the heavenly host), the name given to the worship of the heavenly bodies as deities. It prevailed in antiquity, under various forms, in large parts of western Asia, was kindred to the element worship of the Persians and other nations, gave rise to astrology, and in Mesopotamia maintained itself to a late period. Arabian historians speak of it as the oldest religion in the world, and Palgrave finds many traces of it in modern Arabia. According to one tradition, it was handed down from Enoch; according to another, from Sabai, son of Seth, son of Adam. Ibn el-Wardi mentions two Sabian works, a book of prayers and the "Book of the Law," which were attributed to Enoch.

Sabellians

See Sabellius.

Sabine Baring-Gould

Sabine Baring-Gould, an English clergyman and author, born at Exeter in 1834. He is a descendant of Charles Baring, brother of the first Lord Ashburton. He was educated at Clare college, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1856. In 1862 he visited Iceland for the purpose of studying the Norse tongue, and in 1863 published "Iceland: its Scenes and Sagas." In 1865 he took orders, and for a while was curate at Horbury near Wakefield. His present parish is Dalton, near Thirsk (1872). His remaining works are: "Post-Mediaeval Preachers" and "The Book of Were-Wolves" (1865); "Curious Myths of the Middle Ages" (1869); "In Exitu Israel," a historical novel (1870); "The Origin and Development of Religious Belief," in two parts, the first treating of "Heathenism and Mo-saism," and the second of "Christianity" (1870); the "Golden Gate" (1869-'70); and "Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets" (1871).