Judenbach

Judenbach, a village of Saxe-Meiningen, Germany, on the S. E. ridge of the Thuringian Forest, near the former boundary line of Thu-ringia and Franconia, and formerly celebrated as a great focus of trade between N. and S. Germany and of Nuremberg and Augsburg merchants. Luther was here in 1530, and the tavern (Wirthshaus zur Rast) where he resided, a decayed old building, was about to be sold and pulled down in 1873, when it was purchased by Mr. Fleischmann, a merchant of the neighboring town of Sonnenberg, who put it up in 1874 on the Schonberg, in the same condition in which it was when Luther inhabited it.

Judges Of Israel

See Hebrews.

Jules Adolphe Breton

Jules Adolphe Breton, a French painter, born at Courrieres. He excels in pictures of rural life and scenery. He began to exhibit about 1855, and in 1859 and 1861 received medals of the first class for landscapes. Among his best works are "The Gleaners," "Blessing the Grain," "Evening," " The Weeders," and " The Turkey Keeper".

Jules Eugene Lenepveu

Jules Eugene Lenepveu, a French painter, born in Angers, Dec. 12, 1819. His first pictures were " Idyl " (1843), and " The Death of Vitellius" (1847), which latter won the Roman prize, enabling him to spend a number of years in Italy. He returned to Paris in 1853. His subsequent works comprise " The Martyrs in the Catacombs," " Pius IX. in the Sistine Chapel," and " Corpus Christi at Venice," all exhibited in 1855. His finest paintings arc " A Venetian Wedding" (1857), and "Moses assisting the Daughters of Midian" (1859). In 1869 he succeeded Hesse as an academician, and in December, 1872, Hebert as director of the French school at Rome.

Jules Germain Francois Maisonneuve

Jules Germain Francois Maisonneuve, a French surgeon, who has been called the -Paracelsus of surgery," born in Nantes in 1810 He completed his studies in Paris, where he took his degreein 1835, and became prosector, lecturer, and surgeon to the principal hospitals, and latterly of the Hotel-Dieu. He acquired celebrity by his bold and ingenious operations. His principal works are: Du perioste et de ses maladies (1839); Sur la coxalgie (1844); Sur les kystes de Povaire (1848); Memoir es sur les hernies (1852); Memoire sur vne nouvelle me-thode de catheterisme (1855); Memoire sur la ligature extemporanee (18(30); Clinique chi-rurgicale (2 vols., 1863-'4); and Memoir-es sun les intoxications chirurgicales (1867).

Jules Romain Barni

Jules Romain Barni, a French author, born in Lille, June 1, 1818. He was for some time secretary of Victor Cousin, and since 1861 he has been professor of philosophy at the academy of Geneva. He translated the principal works of Kant into French, with critical comments and explanations (1836-'55); published several academic discourses under the title of Les martyres de la libre pensee (1862); and wrote Histoire des idees morales et politiques en France au XVIIIe Steele (2 vols., 1866).

Jules Saint-Hilaire

See BarthÉlemy-Saint-Hilaire.