Baron Lytton Bulwer-Lttton. I. Edward George Earle Lytton, an English novelist, born in May, 1805, died in London, Jan. 18, 1873. He was the youngest son of Gen. Bulwer, of Heydon Hall and Wood Dalling, Norfolk, who belonged to an ancient family of Norman origin, and whose wife, Elizabeth Barbara Lytton, was sole heiress of the Knebworth estates. Gen. Bulwer died while his son was young, and the child was brought up by his mother, who died in 1844. His education being perfected by private tutors, he entered Trinity hall, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1826. At the university he gained the chancellor's prize for English versification by a poem on " Sculpture " (1825). He occupied his vacations by pedestrian tours through England and Scotland, and by a jaunt on horseback over a great part of France. In 1826 he published "Weeds and Wild Flowers." In 1827 appeared a Byronic poem, entitled " O'Neill, or the Rebel." His first novel, "Falkland," was published anonymously in 1827, followed in 1828 by " Pelham, or the Adventures of a Gentleman." " Pelham " was adversely criticised in many quarters, but conveyed a general impression of originality and power.

Next came "The Disowned," and in 1829 " Deve-reux;" in 1830, " Paul Clifford;" and in the next year a satirical poem entitled "The Siamese Twins." " Eugene Aram " appeared in 1832; "England and the English" in 1833; " The Student " in 1835. Previous to this he had been for some time editor of the "New Monthly Magazine." In 1834 appeared "The Pilgrims of the Rhine" and "The Last Days of Pompeii;" in 1835, " Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes." In 1837 he published "Athens, its Rise and Fall," a work of historical criticism; and in 1838 "Ernest Maltravers" and the continuation of the same, " Alice, or the Mysteries." "Leila, or the Siege of Granada," appeared in 1840; " Night and Morning," 1841; "Zanoni," 1842; and " The Last of the Barons," 1843. In 1836 he first entered the lists as a dramatic writer. " The Duchess de La Vallidre " was a failure, but " The Lady of Lyons" and "Richelieu" were very successful, and still hold the stage. " Money," a comedy, was also well received. "The Poems and Ballads of Schiller," translated into English metre, appeared in 1844. " Lucretia, or the Children of the Night" (1846), another romance, was condemned by the critics as being too full of horrors.

Bulwer published a pamphlet in its defence, entitled " A Word to the Public." "The New Timon," a poetical romance of London (1846), passed through three editions in a year, and was regarded as one of the most remarkable poems of the clay. "King Arthur," an epic (2 vols., 1848; new ed., 1870), was considered by the author his best work. " Harold, the Last of the Saxon Kings," was published in the same year. In 1850 appeared "The Caxtons," a novel of English domestic life, first published in " Blackwood's Magazine." Meanwhile, in 1844, he had succeeded to the Knebworth estates and assumed the surname of Lytton, and became the heir of the two houses of Lytton and Robinson or Norreys, which latter claim descent from the Tudors and the ancient royal lines of Britain. In 1851 he wrote " A Letter to John Bull, Esq., on Affairs connected with his Landed Property and the Persons who live thereon," expressing protectionist views; it rapidly passed through eight editions. In 1845 he wrote " The Confessions of a Water Patient, in a Letter to W. H. Ainsworth, Esq.," in which he recommended the water cure to overworked literary men.

He took great interest in the founding of the guild of literature and art, at whose service he placed a small portion of his estate, and for which he also wrote the comedy " Not so Bad as we Seem, or Many Sides to a Question " (1852). In 1856 he was elected lord rector of the university of Glasgow in opposition to Lord Stanley, and delivered an inaugural address advocating the study of the classics, and rejoicing over the increased weight of British literature in the intellectual balance of the world, as compared with the state of things in the 18th century. He was reelected rector in 1858. Among his more recent works, which were first published in periodicals, are " My Novel, or Varieties in English Life " (1851); "What will He Do with It?" (1860); "A Strange Story" (1861); "Caxtoniana" (essays, 1865); "The Odes and Epodes of Horace" (metrical translation, 1869); "The Lost Tales of Miletus" (1870); "The Coming Race" (1872); and "The Parisians" (1873). A posthumous novel, "Kenelm Chillingly," was published in 1873. His poetical and dramatic works have been collected in 5 volumes (1852-'4). Many of his writings have been translated into almost all the languages of Europe. - Mr. Bulwer entered the house of commons as member for the small borough of St. Ives in 1831, and joined the ranks of the reformers.

In 1832, when St. Ives had been deprived of its representation by the reform bill, he was elected by the city of Lincoln, which he continued to represent till 1841. His efforts to relieve newspapers from the stamp duties and his speeches on the copyright question were the only prominent achievements of his parliamentary career at this period. In 1835 he published a political pamphlet, entitled " The Crisis," which ran through seven editions, and was very serviceable to the whigs. He was created a baronet in 1838. He was defeated by the conservative candidates for the borough of Lincoln in June, 1841, and again in July, 1847. Having reentered parliament as member for the county of Herts in the general election of 1852, as a conservative and supporter of the earl of Derby, he made several effective speeches, and rose to the position of a leader of the party. In 1855 he supported the repeal of the penny stamp duty on newspapers, in opposition to most of his political associates. At the general election of 1857 he was again returned as member for Herts. In June, 1858, he became a member of the Derby cabinet as successor of Lord Stanley in the office of secretary of state for the colonies, which he resigned in June, 1859. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Lytton, July 14, 1866. II. Rosina, Lady Bulwer-Lytton, wife of the preceding, born in Ireland in 1807. She is a daughter Of Mr. Francis Wheeler of Limerick, and was married in 1827. The marriage was unhappy, and a separation took place in 1836. In 1858 she appeared at the hustings in Hertford, and followed her husband's speech of thanks for his election with a violent harangue against him.

She was in consequence confined in a private lunatic asylum, but soon released. She early contributed to the periodical press, and wrote several novels, the first of which was " Chevely, or the Man of Honor " (1839). A number of her publications reflect upon her husband and his relatives. III. Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton, son of the preceding, born Nov. 8, 1831. He was educated at Harrow and under private tutors in England, studied for a time at Rome, and entered the diplomatic service in 1849 as attache and private secretary to his uncle Sir Henry Bulwer, then minister at Washington. He subsequently held similar posts at Florence and Paris; in 1856 was made paid attache at the Hague, and was transferred to Vienna in 1860. While first paid attache here, several important missions in connection with Servian affairs were intrusted to him. He was afterward secretary of legation at Copenhagen, Athens (1864), Lisbon (1865), and Madrid (1868). At Copenhagen and Lisbon he acted as charge d'affaires. Toward the end of 1868 he was made secretary of embassy at Vienna, and in 1872 at Paris. His first poems were published in London in 1856, under the title of " Clytemnestra, and other Minor Poems," and at once attracted attention to his pseudonyme of " Owen Meredith," under which nearly all his subsequent works appeared.

In 1859 he published " The Wanderer, a Collection of Poems in Many Lands; " in 1860, "Lucille," a romance in verse; and in 1861, "Serbske Pesme," a collection of Servian songs. A prose romance, "The King of Amasis," followed in 1863; " Chronicles and Characters," a volume of poems, in 1868; and in 1869 "Orval, or the Fool of Time," a dramatic poem, based on a Polish work. His wife is a daughter of the late Hon. Edward Ernest Villiers.