Alexander Nikolayevitcli Luders, a Russian general, born in 1790, of a German family long settled in Russia, died in St. Petersburg in February, 1874. He entered the army in 1807, was engaged in the war in Finland in 1808, and took part in the campaigns against Napoleon from 1812 to 1814. In 1831 he led a brigade in Poland, and distinguished himself at the taking of Warsaw. In 1838 he took the place of Mu-ravieff at the head of the 5th corps of infantry. He served in the Caucasus from 1843 to 1845, and after a long; furlough, rendered necessary by ill health, he was sent to the Danubian principalities in July, 1848. In 1849 he entered Transylvania under the convention between the emperors of Austria and Russia with 40,000 men. After capturing Kronstadt and Her-mannstadt, he twice defeated Bern, and then marching into Hungary proper, was present at the surrender of Gorgey. In 1853, when the Crimean war began, Luders, under command of Gortchakoff, was placed on the Danube, and made a difficult march toward Silis-tria, but was compelled by sickness to leave the army.

When restored to health in March, 1855, he took command of the army of the south, establishing his headquarters first at Odessa, then at Nikolayev. In January, 1856, the emperor Alexander gave him the superior command in the Crimea, and he was engaged in preparation to carry on the war with the allies when it was ended by the treaty of Paris (March 30), and Luders retired from the army. In 1861 he was lieutenant general of Poland, and was made count in 1862, in reward for his services in suppressing the disturbances in Warsaw. In June, 1862, an attempt was made to assassinate him, and he received a severe wound, after which he retired from service.