There are, however, even now striking differences between the characters of Léonie and Léontine.

"This poor peasant," says Professor Janet, "is in her normal state a serious and somewhat melancholy woman, calm and slow, very gentle and extremely timid. No one would suspect the existence of the personage whom she includes within her. Hardly is she entranced when she is metamorphosed: her face is no longer the same; her eyes indeed remain closed, but the acuteness of her other senses compensates for the absence of sight. She becomes gay, noisy, and restless to an insupportable degree; she continues good-natured, but she has acquired a singular tendency to irony and bitter jests.... In this state she does not recognise her identity with her waking self. 'hat good woman is not I,' she says, 'she is too stupid!'"

Besides these differences of character, Léontine is in another way also a remarkable hypnotic personality. Mme. B. has been so often hypnotised, and during so many years (for she was hypnotised by other physicians as long ago as 1860), that Léontine has by this time acquired a very considerable stock of memories which Mme. B. does not share. Léontine, therefore, counts, as properly belonging to her own history and not to Mme. B.'s, all the events which have taken place while Mme. B.'s normal self was hypnotised into unconsciousness. It was not always easy at first to understand this partition of past experiences.

"Mme. B., in the normal state," says Professor Janet, "has a husband and children. Léontine, speaking in the somnambulic trance, attributes the husband to 'the other' (Mme. B.), but attributes the children to herself.... At last I learnt that her former mesmerisers, as bold in their practice as certain hypno-tisers of to-day, had induced somnambulism at the time of her accouchements; Léontine, therefore, was quite right in attributing the children to herself; the rule of partition was unbroken, and the somnambulism was characterised by a duplication of the subject's existence." There surely could hardly be a more striking illustration of the remark made (Proceedings, vol. iv. p. 225) that "when once a second mnemonic chain is woven, the emergence of a second personality is only a matter of degree".

We now come to consider the third personality, Léonore. Although Léonie's unconscious acts are sometimes (not always) coincident with Léontine's conscious ones, Léontine's unconscious acts are never included in Léonie's memory, any more than in Léontine's own. They belong to some other, to some profounder manifestation of personality, to which M. Janet has given the name of Léonore. And observe that just as Léontine can sometimes by her own motion and without suggestion write a letter during Léonie's waking state and give advice which Léonie might do well to follow, so also Léonore can occasionally intervene of her own motion during Léontine's dominance and give advice which Léontine might with advantage obey.

"The spontaneous acts of the unconscious self," says M. Janet, here meaning by L'inconscient the entity to which he has given the name of Léonore, " may also assume a very reasonable form, a form which, were it better understood, might perhaps serve to explain certain cases of insanity. Mme. B., during her somnambulism {i.e. Léontine), had had a sort of hysterical crisis; she was restless and noisy, and I could not calm her. Suddenly she stopped and said to me with terror, 'Oh, who is talking to me like that? it frightens me.' ' No one is talking to you.' 'Yes! there on the left!' And she got up and tried to open a wardrobe on her left hand, to see if some one was hidden there. 'What is it that you hear?' I asked. 'I hear on the left a voice which repeats, "Enough! enough! be quiet; you are a nuisance." ' Assuredly the voice which thus spoke was a reasonable one, for Léontine was insupportable; but I had suggested nothing of the kind, and had had no idea of inspiring a hallucination of hearing. Another day Léontine was quite calm, but obstinately refused to answer a question which I asked.

Again she heard with terror the same voice to her left, saying, 'Come, be sensible, you must answer.' Thus the unconscious sometimes gave her excellent advice".

And in effect, so soon as Léonore, in her turn, was summoned into communication, she accepted the responsibility of this counsel. " What was it that happened," asked If. Jahet, "when Léontine was so frightened?" "Oh, nothing; it was I who told her to keep quiet; I saw that she was annoying you; I don't know why she was so frightened".

Note the significance of this incident. Here we have got at the root of a hallucination. We have not merely inferential but direct evidence that the imaginary voice which terrified Léontine proceeded from a profounder stratum of consciousness in the same individual.

Just as Mme. B. was sent by passes into a state of lethargy from which she emerged as Léontine, so also Léontine in her turn was reduced by renewed passes to a state of lethargy from which she emerged no longer as Léontine, but as Léonore. This second awakening is slow and gradual, but the personality which emerges is in one most important point superior to either Léonie or Léontine. Alone among the subject's phases this phase possesses the memory of every phase. Léonore, like Léontine, knows the normal life of Léonie, but distinguishes herself from Léonie, in whom, it must be said, these subjacent personalities appear to take little interest. But léonore also remembers the life of Léontine, condemns her as noisy and frivolous, and is anxious not to be confounded with her either. " Vous voyez bien que je ne suis pas cette bavarde, cette folle; - nous ne nous ressemblons pas du tout." And in fact Léonore's own character, so far as it has yet been manifested, is worthy of that pro-founder place in the personality which she seems to occupy.

Yet one further variation, and I end my brief résumé of this complex history. Léonore is liable to pass into a state which does not, indeed, interrupt her chain of memory, but which removes her for a time from the possibility of communication with other minds. She grows pale, she ceases to speak or to hear, her eyes, though still shut, are turned heavenwards, her mouth smiles, and her face takes an expression of beatitude.