1. All the signs that compose a word must be joined together, except some vocal signs, as hereafter specified. The dot is never joined. The dashes are disjoined whenever they do not form an angle with the consonant preceding or following. See Reading Exercise 1, lines 18 and 19. Between two consonants they are joined to both, when they form an angle with both; when the vowel does not form an angle with both, it may be joined to one and disjoined from the other. Reading Exercise 1, line 22.

2. A connecting stroke may be used with other semi-circles as well as A; but no connecting stroke is used with the dashes. Reading Exercise 2, line 12. All the semi-circles, except A, may be joined without an angle, to a preceding consonant, forming final hooks. See Reading Exercise 2, lines 5, 6, and 7.

3. The hook is made larger for the long vowels E and Ah, to distinguish them from the short sound i and ă, which form small hooks. Exercise 2, lines 6 and 7. It must be especially observed that these hooks are always final hooks, - never initial. Initial hooks are used in compound signs. (See the next chapter.) lindsley's phonetic short-hand.

Writing Exercise 6.

Pa, bah, bar, far, deep, reap, keep, part, cart, guard, sharp, door, shore, mere, hear, seer, tear, rool, soul, toll, bowl. Ale, fail, hale, dale, awl, tall, hall, wall, call, cool, moor, tour, soup.

Am, aim, dam, dame, lamn, lame, ham, ram, has, last, hasp.

His, hiss, hit, with, wit, wisdom, win, wind.

Hid, heed, did, deed, rid, reed, wit, weed, mid, meed.

Bat, bar, fat, far, pack, park, dark, car.

And he said unto them, Let not your good be made evil. Seek peace. Forsake every evil way. He did the deed. He hid the reed. He will dip it in the deep.

4. The semi-circles (except A) may be slightly varied in direction, as before stated. W hen such variation will suffice to make a proper angle, it should be preferred to the use of the hook for all long vowels; but the hook is preferred for all 6hort vowels; that is, use the hook for the short vowel whenever convenient; avoid the hook for the long vowel when possible.

5. The light lines of the diamond points may be curved outward, when they will thus form a better angle; Reading Exercises 2, 8 and 9. The diamond points and semi-circles are seldom disjoined; but they may be in a few cases. When the semi-circies occur between two consonants and do not join readily with either, they should be disjoined. The use of connective forms is, however, so convenient, that some prefer to use two connecting strokes in these cases, instead of disjoining the vowel. See Illustration H

6. O may take the direction of u, and vice, versa, when more convenient, in forming a proper angle. See Illustration I. Reading Exercise 2, lines 10 and 11.

Exercise 7.

Epoch, Enoch, in, ink, been, pin, pink, seek, sick, meek, week, weep, reap. Fade, lady, ruddy, muddy. Rope, hope, lobe, tuck, luck, muck, farmer, farthing, palm, calm, favor, 6ave, safe, lave, love, pave.