79. Manner Of Attaching The Circles

One of the most frequently-recurring pairs of sounds in the language is s-z. These sounds are represented by the most easily-formed appendage - a small circle , which may be attached at either the beginning or the end of any stroke, as follows: a. When attached to a straight stroke, it is written with involute motion. See lines 1 and 4. b. When attached to a curve it takes the motion of the curve; that is, it is written on the concave side. See lines 2, 3, 5 and 6. c. When between two straight strokes the circle is written with involute motion if the straight strokes are in the same direction (see line 7), but if they are of a different direction the circle is written in the shortest way, that is, on the outside of the angle. See line 8. d. When written between two curved strokes it is usually placed inside of the first (see lines 9 and 10), though rarely inside of the second (see line 11). e. When written between a straight and a curved stroke it is invariably placed within the curve, see lines 12 to 15.

Exercise on the Circles S and Z.

Circles S And Z

Concluded. 80. Vocalization of Outlines Containing Circles. - In vocalizing, that is, inserting vowels in, outlines in which the circle-s or 2 is used, the unvarying rule is that the vowels are written and read with reference to the stroke and not with reference to the circle, to which a vowel can never be placed; thus,

81. Rules For Writing Stroke And Circle Forms Of S-Z

a. When a word ends with s or z use the circle See lines 1 to 4, except (b) when the s or z is preceded by two vowels one of which is accented, when the stroke should be used. See line 5. c. When a word begins with s use the circle (see lines 6 to 8), except (d) when the s is followed by two vowels, one of which is accented, when the stroke should be used (see line 9). e. When a word ends with a vowel, preceded by s or z, use the stroke. See line 10. f. When a word begins with a vowel followed by s ox z use the stroke. See line II. g. When a word begins with z use the stroke. See line 12. h. When s or z occurs in the middle of a word the circle is generally used. See lines 13 to 15.

82. Rules For Reading

a. When an outline begins with a circle, the word begins with s. b. When an outline ends with a circle, the word ends with s or z.

83. Vowel Expression Between A Stroke And A Circle

It must be remembered that the rules given in paragraph 41 apply only to vowels written between two stroke consonants. When one consonant is represented by a circle the intervening vowel must of course be placed to the stroke. Thus task, not

84. S And Z Circles Distinguished

When great accuracy is necessary the small circle may be shaded to represent z as distinct from s. This distinction is quite unnecessary under all ordinary circumstances.

Words Containing Circles S and Z.