This section is from the book "Text-Book Of Modern Carpentry", by Thomas William Silloway. Also available from Amazon: Text-book of Modern Carpentry.
The following table exhibits the breaking-weight of various kinds of wood as given by the authors therein named: Experiments on the Strength of Woods.
KIND OF WOOD. | Length In Feet. | Brdlh. in Inches | Depth in Inches. | Deflection In Inches at the time of fracture. | Weight in Pounds that broke the piece. | Authorities. |
English Oak, young tree | 2 | 1 | 1 | 187 | 482 | Tredgold. |
Oak, old ship-timber . . . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 264 | " |
,, from old tree .... | 2 | 1 | 1 | 138 | 218 | " |
., medium quality . . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 284 | Ebbels. | |
Green Oak........ | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 219 | " | |
oak from Riga. . . . . . . | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.25 | 357 | Tredgold. |
Green Oak... | 1175 | 8.5 | 85 | 3.2 | 25S12 | Butfon. |
Beech, medium quality . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 271 | Ebbels. | |
Alder... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 212 | " | |
Plane-tree.. | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 243 | " | |
Sycamore... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 214 | " | |
Green Chestnut.... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 180 | " | |
Ash, from young tree . . | 25 | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | 324 | Tredgold. |
Ash............ | 25 | 1 | 1 | 2.38 | 314 | " |
Common Elm... | 25 | 1 | 1 | 216 | Ebbels. | |
Green Witch-Elm .... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 192 | " | |
" Acacia... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 249 | " | |
Sp. Mahogany, seasoned . | 25 | 1 | 1 | 170 | Tredgold. | |
Hond. „ „ | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 255 | " | |
Green Walnut...... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 195 | Ebbels. | |
Lombardy Poplar .... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 131 | " | |
Abele Poplar.... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 228 | Tredgold. |
Teak .......... | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4.0 | 820 | Barlow. |
Willow.... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 3.0 | 146 | Tredgold. |
Birch.... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 207 | Ebbels. | |
Cedar of Libanus, dry . . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 2.75 | 165 | Tredgold. |
Riga Fir.... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.3 | 212 | " |
Memel Fir........ | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 115 | 218 | " |
Norway Fir. fr. Long Sd. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.125 | 396 | " |
Mar-Forest Fir.... | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5.5 | 360 | Barlow. |
Scotch Fir, Engl, growth | 25 | 1 | 1 | 175 | 233 | Tredgold. |
" " .... | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 157 | Ebbels. | |
Christiania white Deal . . | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 937 | 343 | Tredgold. |
American white Spruce . | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.312 | 285 | " |
Spruce-fir, British growth | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 186 | Ebbels. | |
American Pine. Weymouth | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1125 | 329 | Tredgold. |
Larch, choice specimen . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 30 | 253 | " |
" medium quality . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 223 | " | |
„ very young wood . | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.75 | 129 | " |
Riga Fir.......... | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4530 | Fincham. | |
Red Pine......... | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3780 | " | |
Yellow Pine.... | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2756 | " | |
Cowrie.... | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4110 | " | |
Poona.... | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3990 | " |
It has been decided by experiment, that a fifth of the breaking-weight will cause deflection, increasing with time, and ultimately producing a permanent set. By an examination of the table, it will be discovered that wood of old trees is much weaker than that of those of mean age; also that timber is stronger as it is heavier, though the increase in all examples is not exactly proportionate to its solidity.
 
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