When a surface is to be formed of wood greater in width than can be conveniently got, several pieces may have to be joined edge to edge, as for instance in the case of flooring. Figs. 57-61 show a few common examples. Fig. 57 shows plain or butt jointing; Fig. 58, the same with the addition of dowel-pins put into both edges at short intervals; Fig. 59 is a rebated joint; Fig. 60, a, shows the tongue and groove joint, while b is rebated, tongued, and grooved; Fig. 61 is a groove and feather joint, in which the groove is taken out of both the edges, and a feather either of wood or iron inserted. In flooring-boards, the tongues are kept below the centre, to allow for the wearing of the upper surface. Most of these joints are made by machinery, although plough planes, etc, are used occasionally. In laying large surfaces of wood it is the common practice to make the pieces narrow, as in flooring, so as to prevent splitting by contraction, and to show but a narrow opening at the joint should contraction take place. To remove the bad appearance of any open joint in linings, one edge is often beaded, as the tongue edge of Fig. 62, a, while another common practice is that of removing a small chamfer from each corner, as at b.