When two or more metals are caused permanently to unite the resulting mixture is called an Alloy. The term is also used for similar mixtures of metals and non-metals, such as iron and carbon = steel. The melting-point of an alloy is usually below that of the most easily fusible constituent.

Amalgam

When mercury is one of the metals the mixture is generally known as an amalgam.

It is not necessary in this work to give the names of all the known alloys, as many of them are made for a special purpose or industry, and as these purposes are as varied as the number of alloys it is possible to make, and new combinations of metals are continually being invented, only the more common ones will be dealt with.

The following table gives the alloy and its composition:-

Alloys 1: Their Names and Composition.

Copper.

Antimony.

Aluminium.

Tin.

Zinc.

Lead.

Silver.

Manganese.

Nickel.

Phosphorus.

Iron.

Gold.

Carbon.

Tungsten.

Aluminium bronze

95

5

Brass

65

35

Britannia metal

2

8

go

Bronze

90

10

Delta metal

56

41.61

72

•81

•013

•87

Dutch metal

80

20

German silver .

46

20

34

Gilding metal

83

17

Gold (standard) .

8.33

91.66

„ solder (best)

3

4 1/2

12 1/2

Gunmetal .

9

1

Manganese bronze .

60

15

25

„ steel

14

86

Muntz metal

62

1

37

Nickel steel

•85

25

74

•27

Ormolu

58

17

25

Pewter

82

18

Phosphor bronze

90

9 1/4

3

Silver (standard)

7.5

92.5

,, solder (best) .

22

14

64

Spelter (for brazing) .

50

50

Steel (for tools) .

98 3/4

1 1/4

„ (mild, for forging)

99.85

•15

Tinman's solder

2

I

Tungsten steel .

2 1/2

91 1/2

1 1/2

4 1/2

Type metal

8

12

16

64