Fig. 14. Butler's Sink with faulty Overflow.

Overflows of this kind cannot be kept clean, and a much better arrangement is shown in fig. 15, which is often known as the "Belfast" pattern. In this case, the overflow is formed in a projecting portion of the pottery, and is continued up to the top of the sink, so that a small wire brush can be inserted to cleanse the passage. A porcelain or metal cap to cover the top of the opening is of service in preventing the ingress of substances which might choke the overflow. These sinks are made from 24 to 48 in. long, 16 to 24 in, wide, and 7 to 12 in. deep. In fig. 16 the overflow is placed in a projection inside the sink, and the same projection affords space for the water-taps and for the metal "standing waste." This is made by Doulton & Co. in two sizes, 30 in. by 18 in., and 36 in. by 24 in., both 8 in. deep. The roll edge is much less likely to be chipped than a square arris.

Fig. 15. Butler's Sink-"Belfast" pattern with Open-top Overflow.

In Macnab's patent overflow, the whole of the end. of the sink is made thicker, so as to render the projection unnecessary.

Sinks with high backs, such as that shown in fig. 17, have the advantage of preventing a certain amount of splashing, but the taps must not be fixed so low as to render the drawing of water into ordinary vessels an impossibility. Sinks with raised sides are also made as shown in the right-hand portion of the illustration. The sizes range from 24 in. by 14 in. by 10 in., to 48 in. by 24 in. by 12 in., the raised backs and sides being 5 in. higher.

Fig. 16. Doulton's Sink with Back Overflow.

Fig. 17. Butler's Sink with Raised Back and Side.

Shanks's new form of sink, illustrated in fig. 18, contains an improved overflow of large size readily accessible for cleansing, and a pull-up waste which can be removed with the greatest ease; to open the waste, the knob, carrying a crossbar which slides in metal grooves embedded in the pottery, is raised and moved backward so that the cross-bar rests on the horizontal portions of the grooves, and the removal of the waste is effected by raising the crossbar through the upper vertical portions of the grooves. The sink is supplied either with or without the raised back, and measures 25 in. by 19 1/2 in. by 9 1/4 in. deep. It can be supported on a central pedestal, or on iron standards or wall-brackets.

Fig. 18. Shanks's Sink with Pull-up Waste and Large Open-top Overflow.

Fig. 19. Twyfords' Double Sink with Inserted Wood Rims.

The name "combined sinks" is often applied to sinks containing more than one compartment, or containing a draining slab in addition to the sink. A double sink is undoubtedly a great advantage, as one compartment can be used for the preliminary washing of the crockery, etc, and the other for the cleaner process of rinsing, and two persons can work at the same time. Such a sink is illustrated in fig. 19, the front of each compartment being fitted with Twyfords' inserted wood rim, which prevents damage being done to the enamel by heavy articles, and also reduces the risk of breaking or chipping the crockery which is being washed. One compartment has "snugs" formed for the reception of a draining-board, so that the sink can be used either as a double sink or as a single sink with draining-board. It is made in two sizes,

Fig. 20. Twyfords' "Beresford" Double Sink with Garbage Vessel.

36 in. by 21 in. by 9 1/2 in., and 48 in. by 21 in. by 9 1/2 in., with raised back as shown, or with a separate back 18 in. high.

Combined sinks of very large size are now made, either in one piece, or in two or more pieces jointed together. At the Glasgow Exhibition (1901), Messrs. Twyfords, Ltd., showed a three-compartment sink measuring 7 ft. 4 1/2 in. long, 2 ft. wide, 15 in. deep in the body, and with the back raised 9 in. above the sink, the whole being in one piece of white enamelled fireclay.

The "Beresford" combined butler's sink (fig. 20) has two compartments, one of which has widely-rounded corners forming seats for the reception of a wood drainer. This compartment has a 2-in. rubber plug with brass washer and union. The other compartment has a. "Neros" standing waste and overflow, and a shelf for brushes, etc, is formed along the back. A separate compartment is formed in one corner to receive a perforated copper vessel for holding garbage; this compartment is fitted with a brass grate, so that the water draining from the garbage can escape. The sink measures 5 ft. by 2 ft. by 1 ft. and is made with a raised back as shown, or with a loose back 18 in. high.

Fig. 21. Butler's Sink and Drainer, with Slate or Marble Skirtings.