By W. R. BILLINGS,

Superintendent of Water-works, at Taunton, Mass.

WITH

Illustrations from Sketches by the Author.

Introductory Note.

Some questions addressed to the Editor of The Engineering and Building Record and The Sanitary Engineer by persons in the employ of new waterworks indicated that a short series of practical articles on the Details of Constructing a Water-Works Plant would be of value; and, at the suggestion of the Editor, the preparation of these papers was undertaken for the columns of that journal. The task has been an easy and agreeable one, and now, in a more convenient form than is afforded by the columns of the paper, these notes of actual experience are offered to the water-works fraternity, with the belief that they may be of assistance to beginners and of some interest to all.

Table Of Contents

CHAPTER I (Metals). - Main Pipes. - Materials - Cast-iron - Cement-Lined Wrought Iron - Salt-Glazed Clay - Thickness of Sheet-Metal - Methods of Lining - List of Tools - Tool-Box - Derrick - Calking Tools - Furnace - Transportation - Handling Pipe - Cost of Carting - Distributing Pipe.

CHAPTER II (Lead Pipes). - Field Work. - Engineering or None - Pipe Plans - Special Pipe - Laying out a Line - Width and Depth of Trench - Time-Keeping Book - Disposition of Dirt - Tunnelling - Street Piling.

CHAPTER III (Hand-Made Pipes). - Trenching and Pipe-Laying - Caving - Tunnelling - Bell-Holes-Stony Trenches - Feathers and Wedges - Blasting - Rocks and Water - Laying Cast-Iron Pipe - Derrick Gang - Handling the Derrick - Skids - Obstructions Left in Pipes - Laying Pipe in Quicksand - Cutting Pipe.

CHAPTER IV (Pipe Bending And Elbows). - Pipe-Laying and Joint-Making. - Laying Cement-Lined Pipe - " Mud " Bell and Spigot - Yarn - Lead-Jointers - Roll-Calking-Strength of Joints - Quantity of Lead.

CHAPTER V (Pipe Bending And Elbows - Continued). - Hydrants, Gates, and Specials.

CHAPTER VI (Pipe Bending And Elbows - Continued). - Service Pipes. - Definition-Materials - Lead v. Wrought Iron - Tapping Mains for Services - Different Joints - Compression Union - Cup.

CHAPTER VII (Joint Making). - Service Pipes and Meters - Wiped Joints and Cup-Joints - The Lawrence Air-Pump - Wire-drawn Solder - Weight of Lead Service Pipe - Tapping Wrought-Iron Mains - Service Boxes - Meters.

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