The Bark. (Tsuga canadensis)

This is a well-known astringent, being commonly employed in tanning leather. A decoction of the bark is useful given by injection for bowel complaints, and for the piles. Applied to sore nipples it is a never-failing remedy. The oil combined with other articles makes a valuable article for bathing in rheumatism, etc.

Black birch, red and white oak bark, evan root, marsh rosemary, hardhack, and yarrow, are also able astringents.