To Clear the Throat. - Place the patient on the floor with the face downwards, and one of the arms under the forehead, in which position all fluids will more readily escape by the mouth, and the tongue itself will fall forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. Assist this operation by wiping and cleansing the mouth.

To Excite Breathing. - Turn the patient well and instantly on the side, supporting the head, and excite the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, and smelling salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, etc., if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, and dash cold water or cold and hot water alternately on them. If there is no success, lose not a moment, but instantly,

To Imitate Breathing - Replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on a folded coat or other article of dress. Turn the body very gently on the side, and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, back again, repeating these measures cautiously, efficiently, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side. On each occasion that the body is replaced on the face, make uniform but efficient pressure with brisk movement on the back between and below the shoulder blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side.

By placing the patient on the chest, the weight of the body forces the air out; when turned on the side this pressure is removed and air enters the chest. The first measure increases the expiration, the second commences inspiration.

Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured strip the body, and cover or gradually reclothe it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

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