Lond. "Take of hydrochlorate of ammonia, ten ounces; carbonate of potassa, sixteen ounces; rectified spirit, water, each three pints. Mix, and distil over three pints."

1 Crell's Annals, 1796, ii. 211.

2 Trans, of the Pharm. p. 315.

3 Spiritus salis Ammoniaci dulcis, P. L. 1745.

Alcohol ammoniatum, Edin. Ammoniated Alcohol.

"Take of alcohol (835), thirty-two ounces; lime, recently burnt, twelve ounces; muriate of ammonia, eight ounces; water, six ounces. From these ammoniated alcohol is prepared exactly in the same manner as water of ammonia."

Spiritus Ammoniae, Dub. Spirit of Ammonia.

"Take of rectified spirit, three pints; carbonate of ammonia, rubbed to a powder, three ounces aud a half. Mix them, and dissolve the salt with a moderate heat; then filter the solution.

Syn. Alcohol Ammoniacale (F.), Gristiger Ammonium liquor (G.), Alcoole Ammoniato (I.). '

In the London process, the hydrochlorate of ammonia is decomposed by the carbonate of potassa, the alkali of which attracts the hydrochloric acid, while the ammonia is extricated in the state of a carbonate, is volatilised, and readily combines with the alcohol; chloride of potassium remains in the retort. A portion of carbonate of ammonia also sublimes, and remains undissolved in the distilled product. The Dublin process is simple and elegant.

The spirit properly prepared has the pungent odour and acrid taste of ammonia, with which it coincides in its medicinal properties. It is used chiefly for pharmaceutical purposes.

Officinal preparations.-Spiritus Ammoniae compositus, L. E. D. Spiritus Ammoniae foetidus, L. E. D. Tinctura Castorei com-posita, E. Tinctura Guaiaci composita, E. Tinctura Opii am-moniata, E.

Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia

" Take of hydrochlorate of ammonia, five ounces; carbonate of potassa, eight ounces; cinnamon, bruised, cloves, bruised, of each two drachms; lemon-peel, four ounces; rectified spirit, water, each four pints. Mix, and distil six pints."

Alcohol ammoniatum aromaticum, Edin. Aromatic ammoniated Tincture.

"Take of ammoniated alcohol, eight ounces; volatile oil of rosemary, a drachm and a half; volatile oil of lemons, a drachm. Mix them so as to dissolve the oils."

Spiritus Ammoniae aromaticus, Dub. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia.

"Take of spirit of ammonia, two pints; essential oil of lemons, two drachms; nutmegs, bruised, half an ounce; macerated cinnamon bark, bruised, three drachms, in a covered vessel, for three days, frequently shaking the vessel; then distil a pound and a half."

1 Spiritus volapis aromaticus, P. L. 1748. Spiritus salis volatilis oleosus P. L. 1720. Spiritus ammoniae compositus, P. L. 1787.

For these latter preparations it is necessary that the oils be pure; for if they contain fixed oil, as is often the case with the volatile oils imported into this country, the mixture is rendered turbid and coloured. It is turbid also when prepared with pure oils, if the spirit of ammonia ordered by the Dublin college contain any carbonate of ammonia, in which case it is necessary to distil the mixtures.

Medical properties and uses. - This spirit is a useful sti-mulant in languors and flatulent colic; the oils render it more grateful to the stomach than the simple spirit of ammonia. The dose is from f 3 ss. to f 3 j., in any convenient vehicle.

Officinal preparations. - Tinctura Guaiaci composita, L. D. Tinctura Valerianae composita, L. D.

Spiritus Ammoniae Foetidus. Lond. Foetid Spirit of Ammonia

"Take of hydrochlorate of ammonia, ten ounces; carbonate of potassa, sixteen ounces; rectified spirit, water, each three pints; assafoetida, five ounces. Mix; then, with a slow fire, distil three pints."

Dublin.

"Take of spirit of ammonia, two pints; assafoetida, one ounce and a quarter. Macerate for three days, in a covered vessel, with frequent agitation; then, by a gentle fire, distil one pint and a half into a cold receiver."

Tinctura Assafoetidae Ammoniata. Edin. Ammoniated Tincture of Assafoetida

"Take of ammoniated alcohol, eight ounces; assafoetida, half an ounce. Digest them in a close vessel for twelve hours; then distil eight ounces by the heat of boiling water."

In these processes, the fetid volatile oil of the gum-resin is dissolved in the spirit of ammonia, and its odour and flavour communicated to it; but very little elseis taken up. Its medicinal properties are not different from those of the preceding spirit; and its dose is the same. It acquires colour from age.