Fig. 123. Allspice (Pimento officinalis, Myrtle Family, Myrtaceoe). G, flowering branch. E, flower, lower part cut vertically. H, fruit, cut vertically, showing but one seed developed and this with a curved embryo which nearly fills the fruit, in the wall of which are numerous minute volatile oil cavities. (Niedenzu.) Tree 10 m. or more in height with leathery aromatic leaves black dotted beneath; flowers white; fruit fleshy, containing one or two seeds. Native to the West Indies and Central America, where they are often planted in rows called pimento walks.

Fig. 123.-Allspice (Pimento officinalis, Myrtle Family, Myrtaceoe). G, flowering branch. E, flower, lower part cut vertically. H, fruit, cut vertically, showing but one seed developed and this with a curved embryo which nearly fills the fruit, in the wall of which are numerous minute volatile oil cavities. (Niedenzu.)-Tree 10 m. or more in height with leathery aromatic leaves black-dotted beneath; flowers white; fruit fleshy, containing one or two seeds. Native to the West Indies and Central America, where they are often planted in rows called "pimento walks."

Fig. 124. Black Pepper (Piper nigrum, Pepper Family, Piperacece). A, fruiting branch, 1/2. B, part of a spike showing three flowers, 4/1. C, fruit, cut vertically to show the seed within, its minute embryo in copious seed food, 4/1. (Baillon.) A woody vine, tall climbing partly by means of roots; leaves evergreen; flowers minute; fruit red. Native home, India.

Fig. 124.-Black Pepper (Piper nigrum, Pepper Family, Piperacece). A, fruiting branch, 1/2. B, part of a spike showing three flowers, 4/1. C, fruit, cut vertically to show the seed within, its minute embryo in copious seed-food, 4/1. (Baillon.)-A woody vine, tall-climbing partly by means of roots; leaves evergreen; flowers minute; fruit red. Native home, India.

Fig. 125, I. Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum, Nightshade Family, Solanaceoe). Fruiting plant, 1/8. (Vilmorin.) An annual or biennial herb of shrubby appearance; leaves smooth; flowers whitish; fruit juiceless, red, yellow, or violet, very various in form and color. Native home, South America.

Fig. 125, I.-Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum, Nightshade Family, Solanaceoe). Fruiting plant, 1/8. (Vilmorin.)-An annual or biennial herb of shrubby appearance; leaves smooth; flowers whitish; fruit juiceless, red, yellow, or violet, very various in form and color. Native home, South America.

Fig. 125, II. Red Pepper. Fruiting branch of the Chili pepper, 1/3.

Fig. 125, II.-Red Pepper. Fruiting branch of the "Chili pepper," 1/3. (Vilmorin.)

Fig. 126. Red Pepper. Flower, cut vertically, enlarged. Fruit cut aoross near the top and near the base showing the single cavity above becoming two cavities below; about natural size. Seed, cut vertically, enlarged.

Fig. 126.-Red Pepper. Flower, cut vertically, enlarged. Fruit cut aoross near the top and near the base showing the single cavity above becoming two cavities below; about natural size. Seed, cut vertically, enlarged. (Redrawn from Berg and Schmidt.)

Fig. 127. Black Mustard (Brassica nigra, Mustard Family, Cruciferoe). Plant in flower and fruit, reduced. Pod. Seed, cut across showing the embryo with seed leaves folded around the seed stem, enlarged. (Britton and Brown.) Annual, sometimes attaining a height of over 2 m.; leaves becoming smooth; flowers bright yellow; pods smooth; seeds dark brown. Native home, north temperate regions of Old World.

Fig. 127.-Black Mustard (Brassica nigra, Mustard Family, Cruciferoe). Plant in flower and fruit, reduced. Pod. Seed, cut across showing the embryo with seed-leaves folded around the seed-stem, enlarged. (Britton and Brown.)-Annual, sometimes attaining a height of over 2 m.; leaves becoming smooth; flowers bright yellow; pods smooth; seeds dark brown. Native home, north temperate regions of Old World.

Fig. 128. White Mustard (Sinajris alba, Mustard Family, Cruciferoe). Stem with leaves. Top showing flowers and fruit, reduced. Pod, about natural size. (Britton and Brown.) Plant an annual about 30 60 cm. tall; leaves hairy; flowers yellow; pod bristly; seeds light brown. Native home, temperate regions of Eurasia, and Northern Africa.

Fig. 128.-White Mustard (Sinajris alba, Mustard Family, Cruciferoe). Stem with leaves. Top showing flowers and fruit, reduced. Pod, about natural size. (Britton and Brown.)-Plant an annual about 30-60 cm. tall; leaves hairy; flowers yellow; pod bristly; seeds light brown. Native home, temperate regions of Eurasia, and Northern Africa.

Fig. 129. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg Family, Myristicacece). A, fruiting branch showing a ripe fruit with pulp opening to let out the mace covered seed, 3/8. B, stamens, enlarged. C, pistillate flower cut vertically, 3/1. p, perianth; g, pistil containing a single ovule. D, seed surrounded by the net like mace (a). E, same, cut vertically to show the aril (a), the seed coat (s), the seed food (looking as if it had been chewed and hence described as ruminate), and the embryo (e). (Luerssen, Baillon.) The plant is a tree attaining 20 m. in height; leaves evergreen; flowers pale yellowish; fruit dull orange color, downy, the pulp splitting open at maturity; seed brown, enveloped by a blood red aril which like the seed is aromatic. Native home, Moluccas.

Fig. 129.-Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg Family, Myristicacece). A, fruiting branch showing a ripe fruit with pulp opening to let out the mace-covered seed, 3/8. B, stamens, enlarged. C, pistillate flower cut vertically, 3/1. p, perianth; g, pistil containing a single ovule. D, seed surrounded by the net-like "mace" (a). E, same, cut vertically to show the aril (a), the seed-coat (s), the seed-food (looking as if it had been chewed and hence described as "ruminate"), and the embryo (e). (Luerssen, Baillon.)-The plant is a tree attaining 20 m. in height; leaves evergreen; flowers pale yellowish; fruit dull orange color, downy, the pulp splitting open at maturity; seed brown, enveloped by a blood-red aril which like the seed is aromatic. Native home, Moluccas.

Fig. 130, I. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Laurel Family, Lciuraceoe). Leafy branch with flowers and fruit. (Baillon.) A tree attaining about 10 m. with thick rough bark, and young branches prettily speckled with dark green and light orange; leaves leathery, shining, evergreen; flowers whitish, of disagreeable odor; fruit a white spotted purplish brown berry. Although volatile oil is found in various parts of the plant no odor is perceptible at a short distance. Native home, Ceylon, India.

Fig. 130, I.-Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Laurel Family, Lciuraceoe). Leafy branch with flowers and fruit. (Baillon.)-A tree attaining about 10 m. with thick rough bark, and young branches prettily speckled with dark green and light orange; leaves leathery, shining, evergreen; flowers whitish, of disagreeable odor; fruit a white-spotted purplish-brown berry. Although volatile oil is found in various parts of the plant no odor is perceptible at a short distance. Native home, Ceylon, India.

Fig. 130, II. Cinnamon. Flower complete, and cut vertically.

Fig. 130, II.-Cinnamon. Flower complete, and cut vertically. (Baillon.)

Fig. 130, III. Cinnamon. Floral diagram.

Fig. 130, III.-Cinnamon. Floral diagram. (Baillon.)

Fig. 131. Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Ginger Family, Zingerberaceoe). Plant showing roots, rootstock, leafy and flowering stems. Flower. Floral diagram. (Baillon.) A biennial or perennial herb, about 60 cm. tall, with smooth leaves; flowers dingy yellow, aromatically fragrant; fruit a dry pod. Native home, India.

Fig. 131.-Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Ginger Family, Zingerberaceoe). Plant showing roots, rootstock, leafy and flowering stems. Flower. Floral diagram. (Baillon.)-A biennial or perennial herb, about 60 cm. tall, with smooth leaves; flowers dingy yellow, aromatically fragrant; fruit a dry pod. Native home, India.