This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
The regular June meeting of the "Fruit-Growers' Society Of Western New York," was held pursuant to the call of the council, at Rochester, upon the 23d of that month. The "Genessee-Valley Horticultural Society " changed the day of its meeting in order that the exhibition of fruits and flowers might be combined, and prove the best as well as the largest ever made at this season in Western New York.
The "Fruit-Growers' " session duly commenced in the forenoon, the president, Benjamin Hodge, in the chair. Messrs. P. Barry, W. P. Townsend, and S. H. Ainsworth, were appointed a committee to report the subjects for discussion.
The first regular question discussed was as follows: "Are there any benefits to be derived from the practice of ringing, ligatures, girdling, etc, of the grape-vine? and if so, what are they?"
Mr. Peck reminded the members of some bunches of grapes of perfectly enormous size exhibited in these rooms last fall; the extra growth of which was supposed to be owing to the removal of a ring of bark from the branch below the bunches exhibited.
Mr. Townsend, of Niagara county, spoke of having seen last fall at the State Fair, in Buffalo, some grapes from Chautauque county, which were quite a feature in the exhibition. The owner said that they were only the common Isabella grapes, and yet there were those who so far doubted his accuracy as to call upon Mr. Charles Downing (who was present) for his opinion as to whether the Isabella could ever be or become so large and fine a grape. After a good deal of inquiry, it was found that the portion of the vine which produced these specimens stood near an angle of the house where there was a good deal of passing, and where some accident had happened breaking the branch, or rupturing the downward sap vessels. The balance of the crop was of the usual size, and it was only the portion above the wound which produced these grapes. This practice of ringing is quite common in France and Germany. The operation is performed annually, and the result is that the size is considerably increased, and the fruit is ripened from one to two weeks earlier.
A neighbor, Mr. Paign, often tied strings around the branches of his vines, and his crop was always increased in size and hastened in maturity.
Dr. Spence feared lest the effect of thus stimulating the growth of one year should be to lessen or destroy the prospect of future crops from that branch. Mr. Townsend thought that the vine could be thus treated with far greater safety than any other fruit-bearing wood, because our most experienced fruit-raisers, are all adopting the renewal system of training their grapes; whereby the branches which have borne the fruit are each year cut off and thrown away. Now, since we expect no future crop from these branches, what harm can be done to them if we pursue the course which will make the present crop as large as possible? The branches from which we expect the next year's grapes are not interfered with at all.
Mr. Wm. B. Smith remembered the grapes from Chautauque county, spoken of by Mr. Town-send, and his recollection was that the time of maturity was not hastened, by the accident to the vine. To be sure, the grapes were almost twice the size of the ordinary Isabella; but, if he remembered right, the grapes were not quite ripe.
Judge Langworthy spoke of a mode of ligating branches of apple and peach-trees with a small annealed wire; applying the wire soon after the fruit had set, but removing it again after a few weeks. This ligation accelerated the period of the ripening of the apple and of the peach materially, and reasoning from analogy it ought to do the same with the grape.
Mr. S. H. Ainsworth spoke of some grapes, fully as large as the Black Hamburgh, which at the Ontario County Fair two years ago attracted considerable attention. Like the owner of the Chautauque county grapes, at Buffalo, nobody believed the exhibitor of these when he stated them to be simply Isabellas. Such an enormous increase of size caused a critical examination into the cause why, and it was found that near the ground a tendril had closely entwined itself the previous year, and very materially hindered the return flow of sap fur that year; so that the whole force of the vine went into the fruit, which was very ripe, and in quality very fine. All the rest of the fruit upon the vine was perfect and of the usual size; but the fruit on this part was enormous - and this was the only lot of grapes exhibited at that time which was perfectly ripe: so that the ligation did in this case hasten the ripening.
Mr, Hoag, a grape-grower, remembered that several years ago, a part of one of his vines became accidentally girdled, and the one cluster which was beyond the accident ripened up perfectly, while the rest of the fruit did not mature that season. Here is one more instance where girdling hastened maturity.
Mr. Ainsworth now recollected a case similar to that of Mr. Hoag, in which two bunches were more than two weeks earlier than the rest of the crop, and the berries were fully doubled in size.
Mr. J. J. Thomas, of Cayuga county, doubted whether increasing the size of the fruit, or hastening its maturity by any such artificial processes, could possibly improve its quality.
Mr. Hoag would judge from the specimens which he had tasted that the quality was improved. If the grapes were really ripened they were better than unripe "sour grapes." Mr. Maxwell would judge that the time when this girdling was done would exercise an important influence upon the result. Immediately after the fruit had Bet was the proper season to perform it. The operator must not remove too large a part of the bark, else he will kill vine and fruit. A very narrow ring of the bark was enough to remove. An old gardener, in Geneva, had long practiced this wiring or ligating, and always with very evident effect; both as to size and earliness.
Judge Langworthy agreed that about the time of the setting of the fruit was the best time for the ligation. A neighbor used always to bring the first peaches into the Rochester market, also the first early harvest apples, (and would say to Mr. Thomas that their flavor was as good as any others,) and he kept his process a secret for some time. By-and-by, it was found out that just after the fruit had set, he twisted a piece of fine wire closely on the old wood of the branches, and it did great good - when the fruit had nearly matured, he removed the wire, and no bad effect resulted to the tree.
 
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