This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
During the past season, we have noticed a number of lawns injured by worms. In ordinary cases it has been checked by watering once or twice with weak lime water, say a quart of lime to ten gallons of water. In other cases, we have had to use salt, at the rate of about eight bushels to the acre, followed with plaster paris (gypsum), in quantity of one and a half to two bushels to the acre Roll firmly before applying, and then water freely.
It is an old record, that manure applied to the vine affects to injure the quality of wine made from the grapes.
If you have any grafts to cut, select a time when the temperature is above forty degrees of zero. The earlier after the foliage has dropped that grafts are cut, the better; but it can be done any time this or the coming month. Always, as we have said above, select a time when there is no frost in the tree.
Grafts simply wrapped in oiled silk, in a manner to pretty effectively keep them from the air, may be safely sent by mail any distance.
Root Plants are freely grown from small pieces of roots cut from the parent plant. We think very few amateurs are aware how easily they may increase their stocks of raspberries, blackberries, or of seedling pears, apples, quinces, Ac, by simple pieces of the roots. Early in spring, dig the earth away carefully from around the tree or plant that you wish to propagate; then, with a sharp knife, cut from the roots pieces from an inch to three inches long; take them to a piece of well-prepared ground, raked smooth on top; lay them on it, at distances of three to six inches apart; cover with an inch deep of clean sand, and then about two inches of peat muck, or light rotten leaf mold. - Nearly every piece of root will grow, and in the fall present you good strong plants.
Cut flowers in boquets will last many days longer if they are kept at night in a cool low temperature, say one or two degrees above freezing. Change the water daily, and each time see that it is almost lukewarm.
Nearly all lands dressed at this season of the year with a sowing of common salt, say eight bushels, and of plaster paris, say one bushel to the acre, will be much benefitted. Dwarf pear orchards and old vineyards will especially receive benefit from such application.
The seed of the common sunflower is greedily eaten by all poultry, and serves to fatten them more rapidly than any other grain. The plant is as easily grown as Indian corn, equally prolific in yielding quart for quart, and more or less of it should be grown by every one who keeps fowl. Make a note of this, and get some seed.
Bone meal or bone dust has come to be a general specific for many purposes in aid of horticultural pursuits. Many advise and use it indiscriminately on clay and light thin soils. It is well to remember that light thin lands receive the greatest or most direct advantage or stimulus from its use; and that heavy or clayey lands, devoid, or nearly so, of lime, experience more benefit from its use than those on which lime is prominent.
 
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