This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
Changes such as this are vastly for the better; and the good efiects which result from them do not cease with the individuals who feel their influence immediately. If an increasing love for the calm and purifying influences of nature, and a greater disposition to seek the country for a home, should result from the present financial crisis, they will not be among the least of the benefits which it will secure.
The following queer set of resolutions are going the rounds of the papers, credited to the trees by the destruction of parasites and insects injurious to vegetation, and of improving their general appearanoe, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society do hereby resolve, for reasons which have been stated, that they consider this practice of no benefit to the tree, from Us inar bility to affect the majority of the insect* which are really injurious; and unnecessary in the case of lichens and mosses, they being not the cause but the consequence of disease and decay; and a positive violation of the laws of vegetable physiology, and consequently an injury to all trees, but ornamental in particular, to an incalculable amount.
"Resolve 2d, That as lichens and mosses in a healthy state of the tree, are, so fer as can be ascertained, no injury to the bark; but, from their varied colors and forms, one of its chiefest ornaments; any operations for their removal are to be scrupulously avoided, and reprehended.
"Resolve 3d. That as strict inquiry has shown that bark lice, woolly aphis, and some borers do lay their eggs and hatch their young upon the bark of Apples, Pears, Peaches, and Maples, near the ground, and in the forks of the branches, a gentle rubbing with some pliable bat stiff wire or other brush, on the parts affected, to be followed by a washing with weak, soft or whale oil soap suds, is desirable, and will be of benefit, when a careful examination shall have shown that the eggs are deposited upon any tree in question; but that this process is unnecessary, and uneconomical, when the presence of the enemy has not been most clearly proved.
"Resolve 4th, That nature is the best and only true guide in horticultural operations; and that if we wish to equal her in the health and beauty of our plantations, we must as nearly as may be follow in her footsteps; that as she provided some trees with rough, and some with smooth bark, there can be no doubt that the cortical differences have an intimate connection with, and relation to, the vitality and economies of the tree, and we view any separation of it from the tree, or any operations on its surface having for their aim to reduce the rough bark to the smooth, or vice versa, decidedly unscientific, and unworthy improved horticulture.
"Resolve 6th, That as it has been shown that fruit trees are specially liable to be injured by a few insects, whose eggs may be removed by proper rubbing, it by no means follows that all trees are to be subjected to the same treatment; that we would most strenuously discountenance any such universal medicinal practice; that it must not be forgotten in reasoning with regard to horticultural operations, that fruit trees are sui generis, and being necessarily diseased need much more care and attention than ornamental; and as we grow the one for fruit alone, and the most of it we can get, and the other for beauty and shade, so each needs a separate culture; and as one of the most delightful charms of the ornamental tree is this very roughness of bark, with its accompanying lichens, we consider that mar's taste unworthy and uncultivated who can lay a rough hand upon the tree to reduce all to one unvarying uniformity, "Resolve 6th, That as all bark is, from its composition, open to the attacks of alkaline preparations, and as no good and sufficient reasons can be adduced for their use, and as their caustic and cement-like nature tends to destroy the tissues, and prevent a proper expansion of the bark and stem, and as they are necessarily accompanied with considerable outlay, we most sincerely hope the practice will cease.
"Resolve 1th, Although the subject of pruning has but little connection with bark culture, still, as they go hand in hand, they may not unreasonably be discussed at the same time; and while, for the reasons above stated, fruit trees need peculiar cultivation, and a certain amount of pruning, ornamental require only to be well planted and manured, and should never be touched by a pruner's hand further than to remove dead wood, and we do regard with great sorrow and regret, all those efforts made by the ignorant to trim away the beauty of the lower and hanging branches, reducing the tree, in too many cases, to a close resemblance of a bunch of brush elevated on the top of a pole. For the Committee, R. Morris Copeland".
Here, in the first resolution, the committee is made to say, that lichens and mosses are the consequence of disease and decay; and in the second, that lichens and mosses, in a.
How very consistent this is! In the first resolution they condemn washing or scraping the bark, and in the third they recommend rubbing it with a stiff wire brush and washing with whale oil Soap sunds. This is more consistency.
We have always believed that lichens and mosses on cultivated trees, whether useful or ornamental, betokened an unhealthy condition, generally induced by wet or ungenial soil, or careless, bad cultivation. Whatever indicates disease or debility in trees, whether in the orchard or on the lawn, can not be a precious ornament, we think. Our advice to those whose fruit or ornamental trees have become mossy, is to pay no attention to the palaver about ornament, but go about draining and renovating the soil, and then remove the moss, and wash with soap suds.
In the fourth resolution we are told that "nature is the best and only true guide in horticultural operations." Now, if every body believes this, who will carry out the advice of the committee to use "the wire brush and whale oil soap" Does nature use any such contrivances? This talk about nature directing horticultural operations, is mere moonshine. The gardener and fruit grower has half his time to work in direct opposition to nature. She sends swarms of slugs, aphides, bark-lice, and caterpillars, upon his trees, and he must destroy them or see his trees destroyed. Nature sends floods and drouths, and we have to drain and irrigate; she sends high winds, and we must provide shelter. In fact, the life of the gardener is a continual struggle with nature and her varied phenomena.
Surely this committee must have been badly off for a subject to make resolutions upon. What will they do next?.
 
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