This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
The Horticulturist, in a former volume, having treated its readers to a series of articles from the fathers in Grape-culture, I propose to add a chapter of observations from a young beginner.
In the spring of last year, I had a small grapery constructed only twenty by twenty-two feet in size, with a span roof on a north and south line. Eight-by-ten glass was used, of double thickness. In putting in the glass, it was made to lap about half an inch. This was an error; a lap of half as much, according to the book, answering a better purpose. The north end of the building contained a door and one window of six lights, eight-by-ten glass; the south end, two windows of same size; the east and west sides, the walls of which are four feet high, have sashes the width of a single light of glass, hung on hinges, and opening vertically; the sashes in the end of the building opening horizontally, also on hinges; and all of them supplied with hooks and eyes to fasten them when open or shut The main glasses of the roof are fastened in their places, and a row of small sashes, the entire length of the building, are hinged upon the ridge pole for ventilation, secured as far as practicable with tin and canvass, to prevent drip. They are opened with a rod, with a hook on the end of it, passing through an eye in the sash frame, and a wire loop in the side of the pole, which passes over a bolt or screw in a bar across the rafters.
By having several such loops, the sashes can be opened more or less at pleasure. I seldom open any of the top windows until the weather becomes very warm, and then a part of them may be left open permanently during the summer. Generally I find the end windows sufFIcient for ventilation, and over these I have wire screens fastened, to prevent the wind blowing through with too much violence. Wires are passed from the plates to the ridge pole with cross wires, for convenience in tying up the vines. These are about fifteen inches from the glass. The house rests upon stone pillars, three on each side; and the walls are filled with dry tan between the lining and weather-boarding. It is furnished with tin eave-tronghs. The cost of the entire structure, when painted and finished, was one hundred aud fifty dollars. The only remark I have to make, is, that it would be better, in building, to have a larger house, as the expense is not in the same ratio as the size:
I removed a hard clay soil to the depth of two and a half feet, and came on one borders for about a foot, and then put a layer of stones, bricks, bones, &C., and then filled up the entire excavation with a composition of stable and chip manure with river sand, to which a bushel or two of lime and ashes had been added, and the whole intermixed some months before.
I obtained, early in April, from Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry, vines of the Muscat of Alexandria, Royal Muscadine, Pitmaston White Cluster, and Chasselas Musquee. To these I added two Black Hamburgs, and also roots of the Sweetwater and New Burgundy, which had been growing in open air for three or four years, doing no good. The vines were watered freely morning and evening when the weather was warm, and by the last of August all of them had reached the top of the house. Early in November the vines were taken down from the wires, washed with soot and sulphur in milk, as a security against mice, headed down to nine feet in length, and then disbudded; that is, took out with a knife two buds between those left, leaving them on alternate sides of the vine, and removing two thirds of the entire buds that had formed above the plate, and all of them below it This gives great vigor to the next year's growth, and saves much trouble in pruning. The vines were then wrapped in straw, and lightly covered with earth. The end windows of the grapery were kept open, to keep things cool, except in extreme weather. On the 14th of March, the vines, were taken up and slung with pendant heads loosely to the wires, until the buds should burst. This was imprudently early.
After a few warm days, a long succession of cold weather followed. On the night of 29th of March, the thermometer stood at six degrees above zero in the open air, and at only sixteen in the grapery. NO protection was given to the vines, except to lay them on the earth; and they did not appear to be injured. While the weather was cold, the house was kept very dry, and the vines watered freely with a small engine, morning and evening, with the returning heat, except when in bloom. Four or five times during the summer, at weekly intervals, the vines were treated to a weak solution of sulphate of ammonia; and on the 15 th of June, bunches and berries were severely thinned out Two pounds of sulphur were also at times sprinkled evenly over the floor, from a dredging box. On the 11th of August we commenced cutting Grapes, and they lasted until the 26th of October. A summer inventory of the grapery gave the following results:
No. . Muscat of Alexandria - no fruit. Headed clear back in March, and a strong cane over an inch iu diameter taken up for next year. No. 2. Hamburg - not fruited. No. 3. Hamburg - produced 6 bunches. No. 4. Chasselas Musquee - produced 11 bunches. No. 5. Royal Muscadine - " 17 "
No. 6. Pitmaston White Cluster, " 23 "
No. 7. New Burgundy, 2 canes from one root, produced 87 bunches. No. 8. White Sweetwater, " " " 56 "
The vines for a temporary purpose were fruited the heaviest, and will be displaced for the permanent ones. All the fruit of this year was large and fair, and ripened fully, except two bunches of Chasselas Musquee, which were affected by shanking; that is, the stems dried, and the Grapes shriveled while ripening.
As this is only the second season with my vines, I presume it will be said that I have only been anticipating future crops - raising three years' Grapes in one, and thereby using up the vines. If I find it so, I will report hereafter; at present I will only say that I have taken up better canes, and have riper wood for next year, than I had for this.
 
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