The introduction of the Satsuma type of oranges and the use of Citrus trifoliata stocks promise to extend and greatly modify the culture of the orange. It appears that both the stock and the variety are peculiarly hardy, and apt to succeed where climatic conditions prevent the profitable culture of other citrus fruits. In addition to the Satsuma or Mandarin type, other varieties are dwarfed and will flourish when budded on the trifoliata stock, and it provides an easy means of making trees for pot culture which shall bear early and abundantly. Dr. Devron, of New Orleans, writing to the Southern Horticultural Journal, makes the following remarks concerning Citrus trifoliata:

"Having been one of the first to cultivate the Citrus trifoliata in the open ground, in the United States, and perhaps the first to see it bloom and produce fruit in this country, I must say that I know of no variety of the citrus family that can be more neglected, more exposed to the extremes of temperature, or to excesses of moisture and dryness, with so much impunity. In seventeen years that I have had that citrus under observation I never found an injurious insect on the tree, or its leaves, flowers or fruit. The Citrus trifoliata used as a stock offers another advantage - the portions above the bud when removed are not lost; when treated as cuttings they readily strike root and furnish new plants for the following year - a fact which renders this stock very cheap in production.

"The tree in Louisiana grows to the height of 10 to 12 feet, with numerous straight, stout and very sharp thorns (a good substitute for our barbed wire); the leaves are trifoliate, the flowers are very large and have no odor, or if any, a very faint one. In New Orleans this tree is a deciduous one, and its flowers appear a week or two before the new leaves.

"I have been told that this tree is an evergreen in Japan, but in my garden in this city it is always a deciduous tree, except seedlings of less than two years, which retain their leaves the first winter. The unpalatable but very pretty fruit is of the size of a Mandarin orange, and contains some thirty seeds, which on being immediately planted reproduce the original plant, thus proving this tree to be a wild plant, and neither a hybrid nor a sprout from some other citrus. When the first blossoms of March do not produce much fruit a second and third bloom occur in May or June, and yet all the fruits mature at the end of October. In November the leaves turn yellow and drop gradually, so that at the end of December none remain.

"The deciduousness of this citrus increases its hardiness ; being dormant in winter and the circulation of the sap very limited, rupture of the cells and death to the plant by freezing temperature is nearly impossible in any of our Southern States".

Mr. J. L. Normand, of Marksville, Louisiana, finds that the tree will endure a zero temperature. It is coming to be considerably used as a stock for oranges, particularly for the Satsuma or Oonshiu.

A fruiting branch is shown in the cut on this page. The Satsuma or Oonshiu orange is undoubtedly one of the most valuable of the recent acquisitions to our Southern horticulture. The illustration of a pot-grown tree on page 269 will be interesting to amateurs in the north who wish to grow curiosities.