87 C. atrata L. Spikes 3 to 5, oblong-ovate, somewhat nodding, the tipper rather near and sessile, lower pedunculate, scarcely sheathed; perig. roundish-oval, compressed, glabrous, short-beaked, slightly bidentate or notched, a little shorter than the dark, oblong glume; culm about If, with light green foliage and black spikes. White Mts. and Brit. Am.

88 C. gracillima Schw. (B. t 134.) Spikes 3 - 4, long, graceful, sub-looso-flowered, distant, long-pedicellate, recurved in maturity, bracteate, upper one rarely all ; perig. oblong, triquetrous, obtuse, oblique at the orifice, slightly 2-lobed, longer than the oblong, obtuse, and short-awned glume; st. often 2f, reddish towards the base, leafy and subprocumbent, pale green. - Common in damp meadows.

39 C. formosa Dew. (B. 1.130.) Spikes 3 - 4, oblong, short and thick, distant, 1-sided, on a long and slender peduncle, recurved; perig. oblong, triquetrous, sub-inflated, acutish at either end, nearly entire or 2-lobed at the orifice, twice longer than the ovate and acute glume; st. 1 - 2f, 3-sided, dark brown towards the base, yellowish bright green. - Common in wet meadows.

99 C. Davisii Torr. (B. t. 132.) Spikes 4, oblong, cylindric, subsparsely flowered, remote, pedicellate, pendulous in maturity; perig. oblong-conic, subinflated, subtriquetrous, nerved, acutish, short-rostrate, 2-lobed at the orifice, glabrous towards maturity, about equaling the oblong, scabrous-awned glume; st. 1 - 2f, triquetrous, scabrous above, with leaves equaling it; lvs. and sheaths pubescent, sometimes but very little, light green. - First found on the alluvial meadows of the Housatonic in Mass. (Dewey). Sometimes nearly pubescent.

91 C. praecox Jacq. Spike erect, subclavate; spikes 1 - 3, ovate, bracte-ate, approximate, lower one short-pedunculate; perig. 6 - 12, ovate and subglo-bous, triquetrous, pubescent, short-rostrate, equal to the ovate, acute, or mucron-ate glume; cm. 2 - 6', leafy at the base. - On rocky lulls, Salem, Mass. (Pickering), Ipswich, Mass. (Oakes).

92 C. nigro-marginata Schw. Spike erect, short-cylindric, with oblong, obtuse, dark glumes, white on the edge and green on the keel; spikes 1, 2, rarely 3, ovate, 4 to 6-flowered, the lowest squarrous-bracted, near the , on one long, scabrous stem or pod. (6 to 8' long), 2 or 3 short (2 to 4'), and radical ped. all on the same root; perig. ovate or oblong, tapering below or pediceled, slender-beaked, rough-ish, about equaling the ovate or lance-oblong, dark glume, which is white on the edge and keel; lvs. radical, scabrous, recurved, bright green, longer than the culm. - Dry hills, Penn. to Fla. and La.

93 C. umbellata Schk. Dwarf; spike short, erect; spikes several, each on its low, radical peduncle, ovate, subumbellate, green; perig. ovate or globous, 5 - 8, acutish at either end, rostrate, short-bidentate, pubescent, equaling the ovate-lanceolate glume; st 1/2 - 4', with very long leaves.

β. vicina Dew. 1 or 2 spikes close to the , sessile; the other spikes on their own stems or radical peduncles. - In small tufts on dry hills. Both varieties grow on the same root, but Schk. saw and figured only the first.

94 C. Emmonsii Dew. Spike sessile, short (3"); spikes 2 - 3, approximate, sessile, few-flowered, very short, often one long, radical peduncle; perig. globous-triquetrous. attenuated at the base, rostrate, pubescent, at the orifice oblique, about equal to the ovate glume; culm filiform, decumbent, 6 - 10', leafy at the base, pale ash-green. - On dry fields and hills: common. (C. Noveas-Angleae, β. Carey.)

95 C. Pennsylvanica Lam. Spike erect, pedunculate, long (6 to 8"), subtriquetrous, with an obtuse glume; spikes 1 - 3, ovate, subsessile, subapproximate, few-flowered; perig. ovate-globous, tomentous, short rostrate, slightly 2-toothed, about equal to the ovate-acuminate, or oblong-acuminate, deep reddish glume; st. 4 - 12', erect, stiff, with short culm-lvs., and often with long, stiff, root-lvs. (when it is C. marginata, as in Schk., fig. 143). - Open woods and hedges, common - much resembles the preceding, but readily distinguished by its different aspect and its deep reddish-brown scales.

96 C. Novae-Angliae Schw. Spike short, slender, oblong; spikes 2 - 3, ovate, alternate, sessile, remotish, few-flowered, bracteate; perig. 3 - 6, oval-tri-quelrous, rostrate, costate, slightly pubescent, a little longer than the ovate, mucron-ate glume; st. 4 - 8', slender, subdecumbent, longer than the leaves. - Pale green. Open woods in high grounds. (0. varia β. minor Boott.)

β. collecta Dew. St. 10 - 19', very slender, erect; spikes 2 - 4, lowe-short-pedunculate; perig. more tapering into a beak, slightly bidentate. High lands of Mass.; not abundant.

97 C. varia Muhl. Spike erect, short or subelongated;