An under-carriage for a'bus is illustrated by Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the bed, as finished, and Fig. 2 is a plan of a pair-horse, close-futchell carriage (bottom part only). First draw this full-size, and from it make a pattern for the futchells A. The bed is first got out straight and square all ways; the futchells, of extra tough ash, are also square, tapering slightly at the back end. To frame them in, mark the centre of the bed on the top, and cramp the futchells on the bed at equal distances from the centre line; test with a wax line from the centre to see that one does not throw out more than the other. Then strike along the side with a marking awl, take away, and square the marks on to the back and front of the bed. The top of the futchell when let in should be about | in. down from the top of the bed, and the mortise is cut a full 1/16 in. lower behind than in front, to give the necessary pitch to the carriage. With the compasses strike off the felloe piece bearings B (Fig. 2), also the transom bearings C (Figs, land 2); mark off the spring bearings D (Figs. 1 and 2), and the bearings for the splinter bar E (Figs. 2and 3). This bar comes underneath the futchells, and is compassed as shown in Fig. 3. Knock apart, lighten the bed down as desired, and carve it and the futchells and splinter bar. Drive the futchells into place again, run the holes through for the felloe pieces, fit the ironwork, and finish off. As will be seen from Fig. 3, the two centre rollers bolts are put through th 3 futchells first, and then through the splinter bar; usually the bolt end should be much longer than when received from the makers.